Abstract Plant growth stimulating bacteria are very effective in immobilization of metals and reducing their translocation in plants through precipitation, and adsorption. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of chitosan- and hematite-modified biochar and bacterial inoculations on the immobilization of nickel (Ni) in polluted soil under wheat cultivation. Application of modified biochars and inoculation with Pseudomonas putida significantly increased both wheat root and shoot dry matter yields but decreased Ni phytoextraction efficiency. The Ni concentration, translocation factor and uptake in wheat shoot and root significantly decreased the application of either modified or unmodified biochars. Bacterial inoculation significantly decreased mean translocation factor and also root and shoot concentration and the uptake Ni in the shoot. Chitosan-modified biochar was the most influential treatment in decreasing Ni uptake by wheat followed by P. putida inoculation treatment. The results demonstrated positive effects of chitosan modified biochar and inoculation with P. putida in increasing dry matter yield and decreasing Ni uptake in wheat grown on Ni-contaminated soil. According to the results of present study, modified biochars application and bacterial inoculation are influential treatments which prevent Ni toxicity probably.

中文翻译：

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在镍污染土壤上种植的小麦接种细菌固定镍的效果

摘要 植物生长刺激菌在固定金属和通过沉淀和吸附减少它们在植物中的易位方面非常有效。进行盆栽试验以研究壳聚糖和赤铁矿改性的生物炭和细菌接种对小麦种植污染土壤中镍 (Ni) 固定化的有效性。改性生物炭的应用和恶臭假单胞菌接种显着提高了小麦根和芽干物质产量，但降低了镍植物提取效率。Ni 浓度、易位因子和小麦芽和根的吸收显着降低了改性或未改性生物炭的应用。细菌接种显着降低了平均易位因子以及根和枝条浓度以及枝条中 Ni 的吸收。壳聚糖改性生物炭是降低小麦 Ni 吸收的最有影响的处理，其次是恶臭假单胞菌接种处理。结果表明，壳聚糖改性生物炭和接种恶臭假单胞菌在增加干物质产量和减少镍污染土壤上生长的小麦对镍的吸收方面具有积极作用。根据目前的研究结果，改性生物炭的应用和细菌接种可能是防止镍中毒的有影响的处理方法。结果表明，壳聚糖改性生物炭和接种恶臭假单胞菌在增加干物质产量和减少镍污染土壤上生长的小麦对镍的吸收方面具有积极作用。根据目前的研究结果，改性生物炭的应用和细菌接种可能是防止镍中毒的有影响的处理方法。结果表明，壳聚糖改性生物炭和接种恶臭假单胞菌在增加干物质产量和减少镍污染土壤上生长的小麦对镍的吸收方面具有积极作用。根据目前的研究结果，改性生物炭的应用和细菌接种可能是防止镍中毒的有影响的处理方法。