Abstract

Nitrate pollution in water environments is a ubiquitous problem. Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) is a technology that has attracted in recent years increasing attention due to its significant advantage suitability over the aqueous-based denitrification for in situ water remediation. This paper provides a view of new aspects of the application of SPD for water remediation. The processes and mechanisms for nitrogen transformation in SPD, for example, direct denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and anammox are presented. The main processes of the transformation of the carbon substrate in SPD are also discussed. The major limitations of SPD, including low carbon availability, NO₂ ⁻ and N₂O accumulation, dissolved organic carbon release, and NH₄ ⁺ production, are summarized and the factors associated with such limitations are also discussed. In addition, some novel measures to mitigate these limitations, such as applying a biodegradable polymer substrate and heterotrophic-autotrophic denitrification (HAD) process, are described. Finally, simultaneous removal of nitrate and some typical concurrent contaminants for expanded application of SPD are discussed. This review attempts to advance our understanding of engineered denitrification processes for wastewater treatment or water remediation.

摘要

水环境中的硝酸盐污染是一个普遍存在的问题。固相反硝化（SPD）是一项技术，由于其相对于水基反硝化的原位水修复技术具有明显的优势，因此近年来受到越来越多的关注。本文提供了SPD在水修复中应用的新方面的观点。介绍了SPD中氮转化的过程和机理，例如直接反硝化，将硝酸盐异化还原为铵和厌氧氨氧化。还讨论了SPD中碳底物转化的主要过程。SPD的主要限制，包括低碳可用性，NO ₂ ^-和N ₂总结了O的积累，溶解的有机碳释放和NH ₄ ^+的产生，并讨论了与此类局限性相关的因素。此外，还介绍了一些减轻这些限制的新颖措施，例如应用可生物降解的聚合物基质和异养自养反硝化（HAD）工艺。最后，讨论了同时去除硝酸盐和一些典型的并发污染物以扩展SPD的应用。这篇综述试图加深我们对废水处理或水修复工程脱硝工艺的理解。