Magnetorheological (MR) absorbers in the artillery recoil systems are usually used to dissipate the impact energy as much as possible and reduce the recoil force transmitted to the artillery carriage, while the firing stability of artillery during the buffer process is rarely considered. In this paper, we analyzed the firing stability characteristics of the fixed artillery and the field artillery systems and established corresponding mechanical models. Then, we proposed the ideal recoil F–v curves of these two kinds of artillery, respectively. The “platform effect” of recoil curve was taken as the recoil force control target of the fixed artillery, while based on the firing stability, the linear segmented recoil curve was drawn up as the ideal recoil buffer control target of the field artillery. To verify the feasibility and controllability of the designed multi-stage MR absorber in two kinds of recoil buffer system, the impact tests were conducted under different current loadings. The test results show that the designed MR absorber can realize different buffer control effects by changing the input current, but the ideal “platform effect” recoil curve of the fixed artillery cannot be completely realized due to small controllable damping force output. In the field artillery recoil system, the MR absorber can realize ideal recoil buffer control in the range of 0°–25° firing angles.

炮弹后座力系统中的磁流变（MR）吸收器通常用于尽可能地消散冲击能量，并减小传递到炮架的后座力，而很少考虑在缓冲过程中炮弹的射击稳定性。本文分析了固定火炮和野战火炮系统的射击稳定性特征，并建立了相应的力学模型。然后，我们提出了理想的后坐力F–v这两种大炮的曲线分别。反冲曲线的“平台效应”被作为固定炮的反冲力控制目标，而基于射击稳定性，线性分段反冲曲线被绘制为野战炮的理想反冲缓冲控制目标。为了验证所设计的多级MR吸收器在两种反冲缓冲系统中的可行性和可控性，在不同的电流载荷下进行了冲击试验。测试结果表明，设计的MR吸收器可以通过改变输入电流来实现不同的缓冲控制效果，但是由于可控的阻尼力输出较小，因此无法完全实现固定式火炮的理想“平台效果”反冲曲线。在野战炮弹反冲系统中，