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Linking Vegetation-Climate-Fire Relationships in Sub-Saharan Africa to Key Ecological Processes in Two Dynamic Global Vegetation Models
Frontiers in Environmental Science ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 , DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2020.00136
Donatella D’Onofrio , Mara Baudena , Gitta Lasslop , Lars Peter Nieradzik , David Wårlind , Jost von Hardenberg

Africa is largely influenced by fires, which play an important ecological role influencing the distribution and structure of grassland, savanna and forest biomes. Here vegetation strongly interacts with climate and other environmental factors, such as herbivory and humans. Fire-enabled Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) display high uncertainty in predicting the distribution of current tropical biomes and the associated transitions, mainly due to the way they represent the main ecological processes and feedbacks related to water and fire. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of two state-of-the–art DGVMs, LPJ-GUESS and JSBACH, also currently used in two Earth System Models (ESMs), in order to assess which key ecological processes need to be included or improved to represent realistic interactions between vegetation cover, precipitation and fires in sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, we compare models and remote-sensing data, analyzing the relationships between tree and grass cover, mean annual rainfall, average rainfall seasonality and average fire intervals, using generalized linear models, and we compare the patterns of grasslands, savannas, and forests in sub-Saharan Africa. Our analysis suggests that LPJ-GUESS (with a simple fire-model and complex vegetation description) performs well in regions of low precipitation, while in humid and mesic areas the representation of the fire process should probably be improved to obtain more open savannas. JSBACH (with a complex fire-model and a simple vegetation description) can simulate a vegetation-fire feedback that can maintain open savannas at intermediate and high precipitation, although this feedback seems to have stronger effects than observed, while at low precipitation JSBACH needs improvements in the representation of tree-grass competition and drought effects. This comparative process-based analysis permits to highlight the main factors that determine the tropical vegetation distribution in models and observations in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting possible improvements in DGVMs and, consequently, in ESM simulations for future projections. Given the need to use carbon storage in vegetation as a climate mitigation measure, these models represent a valuable tool to improve our understanding of the sustainability of vegetation carbon pools as a carbon sink and the vulnerability to disturbances such as fire.

中文翻译:

将撒哈拉以南非洲的植被-气候-火灾关系与两个动态全球植被模型中的关键生态过程联系起来

非洲在很大程度上受到火灾的影响,火灾在影响草原、热带稀树草原和森林生物群落的分布和结构方面发挥着重要的生态作用。在这里,植被与气候和其他环境因素(如食草动物和人类)密切相关。启用火的动态全球植被模型 (DGVM) 在预测当前热带生物群落的分布和相关过渡方面显示出高度不确定性,这主要是由于它们代表与水和火相关的主要生态过程和反馈的方式。本研究的目的是评估两个最先进的 DGVM,LPJ-GUESS 和 JSBACH 的结果,它们目前也用于两个地球系统模型 (ESM),以评估哪些关键生态过程需要包括或改进以代表植被覆盖之间的真实相互作用,撒哈拉以南非洲的降水和火灾。为此,我们比较了模型和遥感数据,分析了树木和草地覆盖率、年平均降雨量、平均降雨季节性和平均火灾间隔之间的关系,使用广义线性模型,比较了草原、热带稀树草原和撒哈拉以南非洲的森林。我们的分析表明,LPJ-GUESS(具有简单的火灾模型和复杂的植被描述)在降水量少的地区表现良好,而在潮湿和中等地区,火灾过程的表现可能应该得到改进以获得更开阔的稀树草原。JSBACH(具有复杂的火灾模型和简单的植被描述)可以模拟植被​​-火灾反馈,可以在中等和高降水量下保持开放的稀树草原,尽管这种反馈似乎比观察到的影响更大,但在低降水量时,JSBACH 需要改进树木-草竞争和干旱影响的表现。这种基于比较过程的分析允许突出确定撒哈拉以南非洲模型和观测中热带植被分布的主要因素,表明 DGVM 的可能改进,因此,在未来预测的 ESM 模拟中。鉴于需要使用植被中的碳储存作为缓解气候变化的措施,这些模型代表了一种宝贵的工具,可以提高我们对植被碳库作为碳汇的可持续性以及对火灾等干扰的脆弱性的理解。而在低降水量时,JSBACH 需要改进树草竞争和干旱效应的表现。这种基于比较过程的分析允许突出确定撒哈拉以南非洲模型和观测中热带植被分布的主要因素,表明 DGVM 的可能改进,因此,在未来预测的 ESM 模拟中。鉴于需要使用植被中的碳储存作为缓解气候变化的措施,这些模型代表了一种宝贵的工具,可以提高我们对植被碳库作为碳汇的可持续性以及对火灾等干扰的脆弱性的理解。而在低降水量时,JSBACH 需要改进树草竞争和干旱效应的表现。这种基于比较过程的分析允许突出确定撒哈拉以南非洲模型和观测中热带植被分布的主要因素,表明 DGVM 的可能改进,因此,在未来预测的 ESM 模拟中。鉴于需要使用植被中的碳储存作为缓解气候变化的措施,这些模型代表了一种宝贵的工具,可以提高我们对植被碳库作为碳汇的可持续性以及对火灾等干扰的脆弱性的理解。这种基于比较过程的分析可以突出确定撒哈拉以南非洲模型和观测中热带植被分布的主要因素,表明 DGVM 的可能改进,因此,ESM 模拟未来预测。鉴于需要使用植被中的碳储存作为缓解气候变化的措施,这些模型代表了一种宝贵的工具,可以提高我们对植被碳库作为碳汇的可持续性以及对火灾等干扰的脆弱性的理解。这种基于比较过程的分析允许突出确定撒哈拉以南非洲模型和观测中热带植被分布的主要因素,表明 DGVM 的可能改进,因此,在未来预测的 ESM 模拟中。鉴于需要使用植被中的碳储存作为缓解气候变化的措施,这些模型代表了一种宝贵的工具,可以提高我们对植被碳库作为碳汇的可持续性以及对火灾等干扰的脆弱性的理解。
更新日期:2020-08-14
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