Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are important elements in power systems to monitor and know the real network condition. In order to regulate the performance of PMUs, the IEEE Std. C37.118.1 stablishes two classes—P and M, where the phasor estimation is carried out using a quadrature oscillator and a low-pass (LP) filter for modulation and demodulation, respectively. The LP filter plays the most important role since it determines the accuracy, response time and rejection capability of both harmonics and aliased signals. In this regard and by considering that the M-class filters are used for more accurate measurements, the IEEE Std. presents different M-class filters for different reporting rates (when a result is given). However, they can degrade their performance under frequency deviations if the LP frequency response is not properly considered. In this work, a unified model for magnitude compensation under frequency deviations for all the M-class filters is proposed, providing the necessary values of compensation to improve their performance. The model considers the magnitude response of the M-class filters for different reporting rates, a normalized frequency range based on frequency dilation and a fitted two-variable function. The effectiveness of the proposal is verified using both static and dynamic conditions for frequency deviations. Besides that, a real-time simulator to generate test signals is also used to validate the proposed methodology.

中文翻译：

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基于幅度补偿模型的宽频带偏差的M级PMU的改进性能

相量测量单元（PMU）是电力系统中监视和了解实际网络状况的重要元素。为了规范PMU的性能，IEEE标准。C37.118.1设置了两个类别-P和M，其中相量估计分别使用正交振荡器和低通（LP）滤波器进行调制和解调。LP滤波器起着最重要的作用，因为它决定了谐波和混叠信号的精度，响应时间和抑制能力。在这方面，并考虑到M级滤波器用于更精确的测量，IEEE标准。为不同的报告率提供不同的M类过滤器（给出结果时）。但是，如果未适当考虑LP频率响应，它们会在频率偏差下降低其性能。在这项工作中，提出了一个统一的模型，用于所有M类滤波器在频率偏差下的幅度补偿，提供了必要的补偿值以改善其性能。该模型考虑了针对不同报告速率的M类滤波器的幅度响应，基于频率膨胀的归一化频率范围以及拟合的二变量函数。使用频率偏差的静态和动态条件验证了该建议的有效性。除此之外，还使用实时模拟器生成测试信号来验证所提出的方法。