Energy is one of the most important drivers of economic growth, but as the population is increasing, in normal circumstances, in all countries of the world, there is a demand for energy produced from conventional resources. Increasing prices of conventional energy and the negative impact on the environment are two of the main reasons for switching to renewable energy sources (RESs). The aim of the paper is to quantify the impact of the RESs, by type, on the sustainable economic growth at the European Union (EU) level. The research was performed for all 28 EU member states, for a time frame from 2004 to 2017, through a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and causality analysis. Furthermore, Hausman test was performed on the regression model. By estimating the panel data regression model with random effects, we reveal through our results that RESs, namely wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower energy, have a positive influence on economic growth at EU level. Moreover, biomass has the highest impact on economic growth among all RES. In fact, a 1% increase in biomass primary production would impact the economic growth by 0.15%. Based on econometric analysis, our findings suggest that public policies at the EU level should be focused on investment in RESs.

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使用ARDL模型分析可再生能源对欧盟一级经济增长的影响

能源是经济增长的最重要驱动力之一，但是在正常情况下，世界上所有国家的人口都在增长，因此需要使用常规资源生产能源。传统能源价格上涨以及对环境的不利影响是转向可再生能源（RES）的两个主要原因。本文的目的是按类型量化RES对欧盟（EU）级别可持续经济增长的影响。该研究通过面板自回归分布滞后（ARDL）方法和因果关系分析在2004年至2017年的整个时间范围内对所有28个欧盟成员国进行了研究。此外，对回归模型进行了Hausman检验。通过估算具有随机效应的面板数据回归模型，通过我们的结果，我们可以看出，可再生能源，即风能，太阳能，生物质能，地热能和水力发电能，对欧盟的经济增长具有积极影响。此外，在所有可再生能源中，生物质对经济增长的影响最大。实际上，生物质初级生产增加1％将对经济增长造成0.15％的影响。基于计量经济学分析，我们的发现表明，欧盟一级的公共政策应集中在对可再生能源的投资上。