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Evergreen Needle Magnetization as a Proxy for Particulate Matter Pollution in Urban Environments
GeoHealth ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000286
Grant Rea‐Downing 1 , Brendon J. Quirk 1, 2 , Courtney L. Wagner 1 , Peter C. Lippert 1, 3
Affiliation  

We test the use of magnetic measurements of evergreen needles as a proxy for particulate matter pollution in Salt Lake City, Utah. Measurements of saturation isothermal remanent magnetization indicate needle magnetization increases with increased air pollution. Needle magnetization shows a high degree of spatial variability with the largest increases in magnetization near roadways. Results from our magnetic measurements are corroborated by scanning electron microscopy of needle surfaces and by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of metal concentrations in residues collected from sampled needles. Low‐temperature magnetic analysis suggests the presence of small (<20 nm) partially oxidized magnetite particles on needles collected adjacent to a major roadway. Magnetization may be a low‐cost proxy for certain metal concentrations (including lead) during periods of increased particulate pollution. The spatial resolution of our method appears capable of resolving changes in ambient particulate matter pollution on the scale of tens to hundreds of meters. Questions remain regarding the timescales over which evergreen needles retain particulate matter accumulated during atmospheric inversion events in Salt Lake City. Results presented here corroborate previous studies that found needle magnetization is a fast, cost‐effective measure of particulate matter pollution. This method has the potential to provide high spatial resolution maps of biomagnetically monitored particulate matter in polluted urban environments year‐round.

中文翻译:

常绿针磁化可替代城市环境中的颗粒物污染

我们在犹他州盐湖城测试了常绿针头的磁测量值作为颗粒物污染替代指标的使用。饱和等温剩余磁化强度的测量表明,针状磁化强度随空气污染的增加而增加。针磁化显示出高度的空间变化性,巷道附近的磁化增加最大。我们的磁测量结果得到了针表面扫描电子显微镜的证实,并通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法对从采样针中收集的残留物中的金属浓度进行了确认。低温磁性分析表明,在靠近主要道路的收集针上存在小的(<20 nm)部分氧化的磁铁矿颗粒。在颗粒物污染加剧期间,磁化可能是某些金属浓度(包括铅)的低成本替代。我们方法的空间分辨率似乎能够解决数十到数百米范围内的环境颗粒物污染变化。关于在盐湖城发生大气反转事件期间常绿针头保留累积的颗粒物的时间尺度仍然存在疑问。此处提供的结果证实了以前的研究,这些研究发现针磁化是一种快速,经济高效的颗粒物污染测量方法。这种方法有可能在全年污染的城市环境中提供生物磁监测的颗粒物的高空间分辨率图。我们方法的空间分辨率似乎能够解决数十到数百米范围内的环境颗粒物污染变化。关于在盐湖城发生大气反转事件期间常绿针头保留累积的颗粒物的时间尺度仍然存在疑问。本文提供的结果证实了以前的研究,这些研究发现针式磁化是一种快速,经济有效的颗粒物污染测量方法。这种方法有可能在全年污染的城市环境中提供生物磁监测的颗粒物的高空间分辨率图。我们方法的空间分辨率似乎能够解决数十到数百米范围内的环境颗粒物污染变化。关于在盐湖城发生大气反转事件期间常绿针头保留累积的颗粒物的时间尺度仍然存在疑问。本文提供的结果证实了以前的研究,这些研究发现针式磁化是一种快速,经济有效的颗粒物污染测量方法。这种方法有可能在全年污染的城市环境中提供生物磁监测的颗粒物的高空间分辨率图。关于在盐湖城发生大气反转事件期间常绿针头保留累积的颗粒物的时间尺度仍然存在疑问。此处提供的结果证实了以前的研究,这些研究发现针磁化是一种快速,经济高效的颗粒物污染测量方法。这种方法有可能在全年污染的城市环境中提供生物磁监测的颗粒物的高空间分辨率图。关于盐湖城大气倒置事件中常绿针保留颗粒物累积的时间尺度仍然存在疑问。此处提供的结果证实了以前的研究,这些研究发现针磁化是一种快速,经济高效的颗粒物污染测量方法。这种方法有可能在全年污染的城市环境中提供生物磁监测的颗粒物的高空间分辨率图。
更新日期:2020-09-10
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