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How to Measure Distance on a Digital Terrain Surface and Why it Matters in Geographical Analysis
Geographical Analysis ( IF 3.566 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 , DOI: 10.1111/gean.12255
Yi Qiang 1 , Barbara P. Buttenfield 2 , Maxwell B. Joseph 3
Affiliation  

Distance is the most fundamental metric in spatial analysis and modeling. Planar distance and geodesic distance are the common distance measurements in current geographic information systems and geospatial analytic tools. However, there is little understanding about how to measure distance in a digital terrain surface and the uncertainty of the measurement. To fill this gap, this study applies a Monte-Carlo simulation to evaluate seven surface-adjustment methods for distance measurement in digital terrain model. Using parallel computing techniques and a memory optimization method, the processing time for the distances calculation of 6,000 simulated transects has been reduced to a manageable level. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the surface-adjustment methods were systematically compared in six study areas with various terrain types and in digital elevation models in different resolutions. Major findings of this study indicate a trade-off between measurement accuracy and computational efficiency: calculations at finer resolution DEMs improve measurement accuracy but increase processing times. Among the methods compared, the weighted average demonstrates highest accuracy and second fastest processing time. Additionally, the choice of surface adjustment method has a greater impact on the accuracy of distance measurements in rougher terrain.

中文翻译:

如何测量数字地形表面上的距离以及它在地理分析中的重要性

距离是空间分析和建模中最基本的度量。平面距离和测地线距离是当前地理信息系统和地理空间分析工具中常见的距离测量。然而,人们对如何在数字地形表面测量距离以及测量的不确定性知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,本研究应用蒙特卡罗模拟来评估数字地形模型中用于距离测量的七种表面调整方法。使用并行计算技术和内存优化方法,6,000 个模拟断面的距离计算的处理时间已减少到可管理的水平。在六个不同地形类型的研究区和不同分辨率的数字高程模型中,系统地比较了表面校正方法的准确性和计算效率。本研究的主要发现表明测量精度和计算效率之间存在权衡:在更高分辨率 DEM 下的计算提高了测量精度,但会增加处理时间。在比较的方法中,加权平均显示出最高的准确度和第二快的处理时间。此外,表面校正方法的选择对崎岖地形中距离测量的准确性有更大的影响。更高分辨率 DEM 的计算可提高测量精度,但会增加处理时间。在比较的方法中,加权平均显示出最高的准确度和第二快的处理时间。此外,表面校正方法的选择对崎岖地形中距离测量的准确性有更大的影响。更高分辨率 DEM 的计算可提高测量精度,但会增加处理时间。在比较的方法中,加权平均显示出最高的准确度和第二快的处理时间。此外,表面校正方法的选择对崎岖地形中距离测量的准确性有更大的影响。
更新日期:2020-08-12
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