Autophagy modulation influences the success of intracellular pathogens, and an understanding of the mechanisms involved might offer practical options to reduce the impact of infectious disease. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) can cause high mortality and economic loss in some commercial fish species. VHSV IVb was used to infect a rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill‐W1, followed by the treatment of the cells with different autophagy‐modulating reagents. LC3II protein using Western blot was significantly (p < .05) decreased for two days following VHSV infection, and immunofluorescence confirmed that LC3II‐positive intracytoplasmic puncta were also decreased. Infection with VHSV resulted in significantly decreased expression of the autophagy‐related (Atg) genes atg4, at12, atg13 and becn1 after one day using quantitative PCR. Both viral gene copy number and VHSV N protein were significantly decreased by treating the cells with autophagy‐blocking (chloroquine) and autophagy‐inhibiting reagents (deoxynivalenol and 3‐methyladenine) after three days, while autophagy induction (restricted nutrition and rapamycin) had limited effect. Only treatment of RTgill‐W1 with deoxynivalenol resulted in a significant increase in expression of type I interferon. Therefore, the suppression of autophagy initially occurs after VHSV IVb infection, but the modulation of autophagy can also inhibit VHSV IVb infection in RTgill‐W1 after three days.

中文翻译：

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VHSV IVb感染和虹鳟g上皮细胞系RTgill-W1中的自噬调节。

自噬调节影响细胞内病原体的成功，并且对所涉及机制的理解可能提供减少感染性疾病影响的实用选择。病毒性败血病病毒（VHSV）可能导致某些商业鱼类的高死亡率和经济损失。VHSV IVb用于感染虹鳟鱼cell细胞系RTgill-W1，然后用不同的自噬调节剂处理细胞。VHSV感染后两天，使用Western印迹的LC3II蛋白显着降低（p  <.05），免疫荧光证实LC3II阳性胞浆内点也减少。VHSV感染导致自噬相关（Atg）基因atg4的表达大大降低，一天后，使用定量PCR检测at12，atg13和becn1。三天后用自噬阻断剂（氯喹）和自噬抑制剂（脱氧雪茄烯醇和3-甲基腺嘌呤）处理细胞，病毒基因拷贝数和VHSV N蛋白均显着降低，而自噬诱导（营养受限和雷帕霉素）受到限制影响。只有用脱氧雪腐烯酚处理RTgill-W1才能显着增加I型干扰素的表达。因此，自噬的抑制最初发生在VHSV IVb感染后，但是自噬的调节也可以在三天后抑制RTgill-W1中的VHSV IVb感染。