To clarify the influence of post‐jointing drought on the ear‐bearing and seed‐setting characteristics of the main stem and tillers of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a pot experiment was conducted with cultivars “Shannong 29” (SN29) and “Heng 0628” (H0628), and five water regimes: mild drought (WR1) and severe drought (WR2) for 0–5 days after jointing, mild drought (WR3) and severe drought (WR4) for 0–10 days after jointing and adequate water supply as a control (CK). The present study focused on primary tillers (appear in the axils of main stem leaves: T1, T2, T3, T4, etc.), as well as on secondary tillers (appear from the bud in the axil of the prophyll: T10 and T20; appear in the axil of the first leaf of the primary tiller T1: T11). The yield components of tillers showed a downward trend with increasing tiller position and drought degree and duration, and the kernels per spike, single kernels weight and grain yield per spike of tillers T2, T3, T10 and T4 decreased more than those of the other tillers. These outcomes may be related to the spike developmental stages at the time of the drought period. Severe drought during the period from when the stamen primordium is first present (Waddington’s stage 4) to when the carpel extends around the three sides of the ovule (Waddington’s stage 5) significantly decreased the seed set of tillers, but short‐term (5 days) mild drought during this period and even a short‐term severe drought before Waddington’s stage 4 had little effect on the seed set of tillers. The ear‐bearing capacity of tillers was determined not only by the spike developmental stage, but also by the gap from the main stem and the competition of nutrition and space between tillers. Although the ear‐bearing rate of tillers T3 and T10 decreased rapidly after the short‐term mild drought, the increase in the ear‐bearing rate of tillers T20 and T11 effectively compensated for the loss of the number of spikes per plant. Therefore, the short‐term mild drought at the jointing stage had no significant effect on the grain yield of the two cultivars. The tillers T2, T3, T10 and T4 were sensitive to soil moisture in the jointing stage and had high plasticity. During this period, if timely irrigation improves soil moisture, it is expected to increase the ear‐bearing rate and seed set of these tillers, thereby increasing grain yield.

中文翻译：

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冬小麦节后干旱下主要茎和分ers的穗形成和结实

为了澄清主茎和冬小麦分蘖的穗轴承和结实特性后拔节干旱的影响（小麦L.），对“陕农29”（SN29）和“恒0628”（H0628）两个品种以及盆栽试验进行了5种水情：轻度干旱（WR1）和重度干旱（WR2），拔节后0-5天接缝后0-10天为轻度干旱（WR3）和重度干旱（WR4），并以充足的水作为对照（CK）。本研究侧重于主要分till（出现在主茎叶的腋下：T1，T2，T3，T4等），以及次要分till（出现在叶柄的腋芽中：T10和T20） ;出现在主要分till T1：T11的第一片叶子的腋中。分till位置，干旱程度和持续时间的增加，分的产量构成呈下降趋势，且与其他分till相比，T2，T3，T10和T4分per的每穗籽粒，单粒重和每穗籽粒产量下降幅度更大。 。这些结果可能与干旱时期的峰值发育阶段有关。从初次出现雄蕊原基（沃丁顿第4阶段）到心皮围绕胚珠的三个侧面延伸（沃丁顿第5阶段）期间，严重干旱显着减少了分till的种子集，但短期（5天） ）在此期间的轻度干旱，甚至在Waddington阶段4之前的短期严重干旱对分ers种子的影响很小。分till的承重能力不仅取决于穗的发育阶段，还取决于与主茎的间隙以及分between之间的营养和空间竞争。尽管短期轻度干旱后分T T3和T10的持耳率迅速下降，分ofT20和T11的提穗率的提高有效地弥补了每株穗数的损失。因此，拔节期的短期轻度干旱对两个品种的籽粒产量没有显着影响。分ersT2，T3，T10和T4在拔节期对土壤水分敏感，可塑性高。在此期间，如果及时灌溉能够改善土壤水分，则有望提高这些分till的提穗率和结实率，从而提高谷物产量。