1. Human colonization of islands has resulted in the reduction or loss of many native species, and the introduction of non‐native species, producing novel ecosystems. The impacts of these changes on mutualistic plant–animal interactions have received considerable attention, but the potential effects on some antagonistic interactions, such as seed predation, are less thoroughly understood, and often overlooked.
2. Using three archetypal island groups—New Zealand, the Mascarenes and Hawaiʻi—we compare the taxonomic richness and functional diversity of vertebrate seed predators from prehuman and contemporary ecosystems. We scored species on several traits relevant to seed predation, then clustered species into functionally similar groups using hierarchical clustering.
3. These archipelagos once supported between 19 and 24 species of exclusively avian seed predators (representing two to four orders) ranging from large, flightless herbivores to small, volant finches and parrots. Following human arrival, 63%–89% of these species went extinct, and between 12 and 23 non‐native seed predators were introduced. Contemporary seed predator faunas consist of between 14 and 26 species (representing six to seven orders), dominated by non‐native granivorous birds and omnivorous mammals.
4. Our results reveal several examples in which non‐native species may be functionally similar to extinct seed predators, but most non‐native species are functionally different from extinct species, and therefore may be introducing novel seed predation pressures for insular ecosystems. Mammalian seed predators are especially functionally different from the native avian seed predators, as their teeth and widespread habitat distribution allow them to destroy a more diverse range of seeds, including the largest seeds.
5. We highlight the need to understand how these altered seed predator communities are affecting native plant populations, particularly in the context of reduced pollination and seed dispersal. More broadly, we argue that antagonistic interactions are an integral part of any ecosystem, and therefore must be understood if we are to achieve more holistic restoration frameworks for insular ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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被遗忘的动物群：岛屿上的本土脊椎动物种子捕食者

1. 人类对岛屿的殖民统治导致许多本地物种的减少或丧失，以及非本地物种的引入，产生了新的生态系统。这些变化对植物与动物相互影响的相互作用的影响已引起广泛关注，但对某些拮抗作用（例如种子捕食）的潜在影响却鲜为人知，并且常常被人们忽略。
2. 我们使用三个原型岛群-新西兰，马斯卡里尼斯和夏威夷-比较了人类和当代生态系统中脊椎动物种子捕食者的分类学丰富性和功能多样性。我们在与种子捕食相关的几个性状上对物种进行评分，然后使用层次聚类将物种聚类为功能相似的组。
3. 这些群岛曾经支持19至24种专门的鸟类种子捕食者（代表2至4阶），范围从大型的，不会飞的食草动物到小型的雄性雀科和鹦鹉。人类到来后，这些物种中有63％–89％灭绝了，并引入了12至23种非本地种子捕食者。当代的种子捕食动物区系由14至26种（代表6至7阶）组成，以非本地肉食性鸟类和杂食性哺乳动物为主。
4. 我们的结果揭示了几个例子，其中非本地物种在功能上与灭绝的种子捕食者相似，但是大多数非本地物种在功能上与灭绝的物种不同，因此可能为岛屿生态系统引入新的种子捕食压力。哺乳动物的种子捕食者在功能上与本地鸟类的种子捕食者特别不同，因为它们的牙齿和广泛的栖息地分布使它们能够破坏更广泛范围的种子，包括最大的种子。
5. 我们强调需要了解这些改变的种子捕食者群落如何影响本地植物种群，尤其是在减少授粉和种子传播的情况下。更广泛地说，我们认为拮抗性相互作用是任何生态系统的组成部分，因此，如果我们要为岛屿生态系统实现更全面的恢复框架，则必须理解。