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Sediment budgeting of short‐term backfilling processes: The erosional collapse of a Carolingian canal construction
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 , DOI: 10.1002/esp.4978
Johannes Schmidt 1 , Lukas Werther 2 , Johannes Rabiger‐Völlmer 1 , Franz Herzig 3 , Birgit Schneider 1 , Ulrike Werban 4 , Peter Dietrich 4 , Stefanie Berg 5 , Sven Linzen 6 , Peter Ettel 7 , Christoph Zielhofer 1
Affiliation  

Sediment budgeting concepts serve as quantification tools to decipher the erosion and accumulation processes within a catchment and help to understand these relocation processes through time. While sediment budgets are widely used in geomorphological catchment‐based studies, such quantification approaches are rarely applied in geoarchaeological studies. The case of Charlemagne's summit canal (also known as Fossa Carolina) and its erosional collapse provides an example for which we can use this geomorphological concept and understand the abandonment of the Carolingian construction site. The Fossa Carolina is one of the largest hydro‐engineering projects in Medieval Europe. It is situated in Southern Franconia (48.9876°N, 10.9267°E; Bavaria, southern Germany) between the Altmühl and Swabian Rezat rivers. It should have bridged the Central European watershed and connected the Rhine–Main and Danube river systems. According to our dendrochronological analyses and historical sources, the excavation and construction of the Carolingian canal took place in AD 792 and 793. Contemporary written sources describe an intense backfill of excavated sediment in autumn AD 793. This short‐term erosion event has been proposed as the principal reason for the collapse and abandonment of the hydro‐engineering project. We use subsurface data (drillings, archaeological excavations, and direct‐push sensing) and geospatial data (a LiDAR digital terrain model (DTM), a pre‐modern DTM, and a 3D model of the Fossa Carolina] for the identification and sediment budgeting of the backfills. Dendrochronological findings and radiocarbon ages of macro remains within the backfills give clear evidence for the erosional collapse of the canal project during or directly after the construction period. Moreover, our quantification approach allows the detection of the major sedimentary collapse zone. The exceedance of the manpower tipping point may have caused the abandonment of the entire construction site. The spatial distribution of the dendrochronological results indicates a north–south direction of the early medieval construction progress. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

中文翻译:

短期回填过程的泥沙预算:加洛林运河建设的侵蚀性坍塌

沉积物预算概念可作为量化工具,以破译集水区的侵蚀和堆积过程,并帮助您逐步了解这些迁移过程。尽管沉积物预算在基于地貌流域的研究中被广泛使用,但这种量化方法很少在地考古学中应用。查理曼大坝的最高运河(也称为卡萨卡罗来纳州福萨)及其侵蚀性塌陷的情况提供了一个例子,我们可以使用该地貌概念来了解加洛林建筑工地的废弃情况。卡罗莱纳州Fossa是中世纪欧洲最大的水力工程项目之一。它位于弗兰肯行政区南部(48.9876°N,10.9267°E;巴伐利亚,德国南部),在阿尔特穆尔河和斯瓦比亚·雷扎特河之间。它应该已经架起了中欧分水岭,并连接了莱茵-美因河和多瑙河水系。根据我们的年代学分析和历史资料,加洛林运河的开挖和建造发生在公元792年和793年。当代书面资料描述了公元793年秋天开挖沉积物的强烈回填。这种短期侵蚀事件被认为是导致水力工程项目崩溃和放弃的主要原因。我们使用地下数据(钻探,考古发掘和直接推动传感)和地理空间数据(LiDAR数字地形模型(DTM),前现代DTM和卡罗来纳州Fossa的3D模型)进行识别和沉积物预算回填。充填物内的宏观年代学发现和宏观碳的放射性碳年龄为在施工期间或施工之后直接破坏运河工程提供了明确的证据。此外,我们的量化方法可以检测主要的沉积塌陷区。超过人力引爆点可能导致整个建筑工地被遗弃。树木年代学结果的空间分布表明了中世纪早期建筑进展的南北方向。©2020作者。约翰·威利父子有限公司出版的《地球表面过程和地形》我们的量化方法可以检测主要的沉积塌陷区。超过人力引爆点可能导致整个建筑工地被遗弃。树木年代学结果的空间分布表明了中世纪早期建筑进展的南北方向。©2020作者。约翰·威利父子有限公司出版的《地球表面过程和地形》我们的量化方法可以检测主要的沉积塌陷区。超过人力引爆点可能导致整个建筑工地被遗弃。树木年代学结果的空间分布表明了中世纪早期建筑进展的南北方向。©2020作者。约翰·威利父子有限公司出版的《地球表面过程和地形》
更新日期:2020-08-13
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