Abstract The abundances of low-molecular-weight metabolites in milk have been known to change during the lactation stage, and this is of relevance to the milk nutritional or processing properties. Metabolomics was used to investigate changes in 46 milk samples from 19 Jersey cows. Metabolites were measured using both nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry based methods. Metabolites exhibiting change were identified with the aid of multivariate and univariate data analysis. The changing metabolites included amino acids and derivatives (taurine, purine, indoleacetic acid, aminoadipic acid), organic acids (uric acid, hippuric acid, citric acid), carbohydrates (N-acetyl- d -glucosamine, galactose-1-phosphate), vitamins (choline and pantothenic acid), nucleic acid-related compounds (cytosine, uracil and methylguanine) and fatty acids (lauric acid). This research not only provides a full understanding of the milk metabolomic changes due to the cow lactation stage but also can be used as the foundation for marker selection for further studies utilising milk metabolomics.

中文翻译：

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基于 1H-NMR 和 UHPLC-QToF/MS 的奶牛泌乳过程中牛奶代谢组的变化

摘要 牛奶中低分子量代谢物的丰度在泌乳阶段会发生变化，这与牛奶的营养或加工特性有关。代谢组学用于研究来自 19 头泽西奶牛的 46 份牛奶样品的变化。使用基于核磁共振和质谱的方法测量代谢物。借助多变量和单变量数据分析确定了表现出变化的代谢物。变化的代谢物包括氨基酸和衍生物（牛磺酸、嘌呤、吲哚乙酸、氨基己二酸）、有机酸（尿酸、马尿酸、柠檬酸）、碳水化合物（N-乙酰-d-葡萄糖胺、1-磷酸半乳糖）、维生素（胆碱和泛酸）、核酸相关化合物（胞嘧啶、尿嘧啶和甲基鸟嘌呤）和脂肪酸（月桂酸）。这项研究不仅可以全面了解奶牛泌乳阶段引起的牛奶代谢组学变化，还可以作为标记选择的基础，以利用牛奶代谢组学进行进一步研究。