Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a dangerous global threat that has no clinically approved treatment yet. Bioinformatics represent an outstanding approach to reveal key immunogenic regions in viral proteins. Here, five severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non-structural proteins (NSPs) (NSP7, NSP8, NSP9, NSP12, and NSP13) were screened to identify potential human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding peptides. These peptides showed robust viral antigenicity, immunogenicity, and a marked interaction with HLA alleles. Interestingly, several peptides showed affinity by HLA class I (HLA-I) alleles that commonly activates to natural killer (NK) cells. Notably, HLA biding peptides are conserved among SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Interestingly, HLA-I and HLA class II (HLA-II) binding peptides induced humoral and cell-mediated responses after in silico vaccination. These results may open further in vitro and in vivo investigations to develop novel therapeutic strategies against coronaviral infections.

2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是危险的全球性威胁，尚无临床批准的治疗方法。生物信息学是揭示病毒蛋白关键免疫原性区域的杰出方法。在这里，筛选了五个严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）非结构蛋白（NSPs）（NSP7，NSP8，NSP9，NSP12和NSP13），以鉴定潜在的人白细胞抗原（HLA）结合肽。这些肽显示出强大的病毒抗原性，免疫原性以及与HLA等位基因的显着相互作用。有趣的是，几种肽显示出通常激活天然杀伤（NK）细胞的HLA I类（HLA-1）等位基因的亲和力。值得注意的是，SARS-CoV-2，严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒（SARS-CoV），和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）。有趣的是，HLA-1和HLA II类（HLA-II）结合肽在诱导后诱导体液和细胞介导的反应在计算机接种疫苗。这些结果可能会进一步开展体外和体内研究，以开发出针对冠状病毒感染的新型治疗策略。