This article presents a systematic review of the factors and motivations that explain participation in payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs in the Global South. PES are voluntary conservation incentive programs and participation is determined by eligibility, willingness, and ability to participate. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we review 78 studies and summarize how willingness (financial and non-financial motivations) and ability (based on the capital assets framework) to participate are measured and the direction of influence of these variables. An increasing number of studies assess the role of both financial and non-financial motivators on PES participation. Financial and non-financial motivators, including pro-social, pro-environmental, and risk reduction, positively influence willingness to participate. Most studies consider the role of at least one capital asset in determining ability to participate in PES programs. In general, participants in PES programs have more capital assets than non-participants. Our findings suggest that the theory behind how PES mechanisms work needs to be updated to account for more complex behavioral theories and a wider set of factors and motivations. Results from this systematic review can be used to inform the design of PES programs and help shed light on why PES programs achieve their environmental or socioeconomic objectives.

本文介绍了解释南美洲参与生态系统服务付款（PES）计划的因素和动机的系统综述。PES是自愿性的保护性奖励计划，其参与取决于资格，意愿和参与能力。根据PRISMA指南，我们回顾了78项研究，总结了如何衡量参与意愿（财务和非财务动机）和能力（基于资本资产框架）以及这些变量影响的方向。越来越多的研究评估了财务和非财务激励因素对参与PES的作用。财务和非财务激励因素，包括亲社会，亲环境和减少风险，对参与的意愿产生积极影响。大多数研究考虑了至少一项资本资产在确定参与PES计划的能力中的作用。一般而言，参与PES计划的参与者比没有参与者的资本资产更多。我们的发现表明，PES机制工作原理背后的理论需要进行更新，以解释更复杂的行为理论以及更广泛的因素和动机。该系统评价的结果可用于为PES计划的设计提供信息，并有助于阐明PES计划为何实现其环境或社会经济目标。我们的发现表明，PES机制工作原理背后的理论需要进行更新，以说明更复杂的行为理论以及更广泛的因素和动机。该系统评价的结果可用于为PES计划的设计提供信息，并有助于阐明PES计划为何实现其环境或社会经济目标。我们的发现表明，PES机制工作原理背后的理论需要进行更新，以解释更复杂的行为理论以及更广泛的因素和动机。该系统评价的结果可用于为PES计划的设计提供信息，并有助于阐明PES计划为何实现其环境或社会经济目标。