Soil degradation continues to be of the major threats for sustainable development and human well-being. Despite the advances in research, there is still a gap between research and effective conservation. To fill this gap, a change is needed in the paradigm of soil conservation research. Therefore, this paper aims to: (i) introduce the concept of Eco-Holistic- Soil Conservation (EHSC) to support the Sustainable Development Goals, (ii) present a framework for the implementation of EHSC, and (iii) show practical examples and recommendations of EHSC. The theory behind the concept of EHSC builds on a critical review of the main causes for success or failure of previous conservation projects and evaluation of latest holistic concepts and visions on conservation of soils and socio-ecosystems. The key principles underlying EHSC are: (1) perception of soils as living-systems, (2) holistic ecosystem approach, (3) central role of soil conservation for climate change mitigation and adaptation, and (4) ethical behavior in soil use. Implementation of EHSC requires a transdisciplinary approach involving a range of actions in three iterative phases: (1) diagnosis of the causes and processes of land degradation and the socio-economic context, (2) integrated assessment of the interactions and synergies between the factors and actors involved and the selection of EHSC actions, and (3) participatory evaluation and monitoring of impacts. Successful conservation requires more research on the resilience and adaptation of soils to climate change, integrated economic valuations of soil conservation, and protection of native peoples right to land in international legislation.

土壤退化仍然是可持续发展和人类福祉的主要威胁。尽管研究取得了进步，但研究与有效保护之间仍然存在差距。为了填补这一空白，土壤保持研究范式需要改变。因此，本文旨在：（i）引入生态全面水土保持（EHSC）的概念以支持可持续发展目标，（ii）提出实施EHSC的框架，（iii）展示实际示例，以及EHSC的建议。EHSC概念背后的理论基于对先前保护项目成败的主要原因进行的严格审查，以及对土壤和社会生态系统保护的最新整体概念和愿景的评估。EHSC的主要原则是：（1）将土壤视为生活系统；（2）整体生态系统方法；（3）保护土壤对于缓解和适应气候变化的核心作用；（4）在土壤使用中的道德行为。EHSC的实施需要跨学科的方法，涉及三个阶段的一系列行动：（1）诊断土地退化的原因和过程以及社会经济背景；（2）综合评估各因素之间的相互作用和协同作用。参与方以及EHSC行动的选择，以及（3）参与式评估和影响监测。成功的保护需要对土壤的适应力和适应气候变化进行更多的研究，对土壤保护进行综合经济评估，并在国际立法中保护土著人民的土地权。