Every year, a large number of infants and young children worldwide are administered general anesthesia. Whether general anesthesia adversely affects the intellectual development and cognitive function of children at a later date remains controversial. Many animal experiments have shown that general anesthetics can cause nerve damage during development, affect synaptic plasticity, and induce apoptosis, and finally affect learning and memory function in adulthood. The neurotoxicity of pediatric anesthetics (PAN) has received extensive attention in the field of anesthesia, which has been listed as a potential problem affecting public health by NFDA of the United States. Previous studies on rodents and non-human primates indicate that inhalation of anesthetics early after birth can induce long-term and sustained impairment of learning and memory function, as well as changes in brain function. Many anti-oxidant drugs, dexmedetomidine, as well as a rich living environment and exercise have been proven to reduce the neurotoxicity of anesthetics. In this paper, we summarize the research progress, molecular mechanisms and current intervention measures of anesthetic neurotoxicity.

每年，全世界有大量婴幼儿接受全身麻醉。全身麻醉是否会对日后儿童的智力发育和认知功能产生不利影响仍存在争议。许多动物实验表明，全身麻醉剂在发育过程中会引起神经损伤，影响突触可塑性，并诱导细胞凋亡，最终影响成年期的学习记忆功能。儿科麻醉药（PAN）的神经毒性在麻醉领域受到广泛关注，已被美国NFDA列为影响公众健康的潜在问题。先前对啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物的研究表明，出生后早期吸入麻醉剂会导致学习和记忆功能的长期和持续损害，以及大脑功能的变化。许多抗氧化药物、右美托咪定以及丰富的生活环境和运动已被证明可以降低麻醉剂的神经毒性。本文就麻醉神经毒性的研究进展、分子机制及目前的干预措施进行综述。