In solar energetic particle (SEP) events, the power-law dependence of element abundance enhancements on their mass-to-charge ratios A/Q provides a new tool that measures the combined rigidity dependences from both acceleration and transport. Distinguishing these two processes can be more challenging. However, the effects of acceleration dominate when SEP events are small or when the ions even propagate scatter-free, and transport can dominate the time evolution of large events with streaming-limited intensities. Magnetic reconnection in solar jets produces positive powers of A/Q from +2 to +7 and shock acceleration produces mostly negative powers from -2 to +1 in small and moderate SEP events where transport effects are minimal. This variation in the rigidity dependence of shock acceleration may reflect the non-planer structure, complexity, and time variation of coronal shocks themselves. Wave amplification by streaming protons in the largest SEP events suppresses the escape of ions with low A/Q, creating observed powers of A/Q from +1 to +3 upstream of the accelerating shock, decreasing to small negative powers downstream. Of course, the powers of A/Q are correlated with the spectral indices of He, O, and Fe, yet unexplained departures exist.

中文翻译：

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区分太阳能粒子中加速度和输运的刚性相关性

在太阳高能粒子 (SEP) 事件中，元素丰度增强对其质荷比 A/Q 的幂律依赖性提供了一种新工具，可以测量加速度和传输的组合刚度依赖性。区分这两个过程可能更具挑战性。然而，当 SEP 事件很小或离子甚至无散射地传播时，加速的影响占主导地位，而传输可以主导具有流动限制强度的大事件的时间演变。太阳射流中的磁重联产生从 +2 到 +7 的 A/Q 正功率，并且在传输效应最小的小型和中度 SEP 事件中，冲击加速主要产生从 -2 到 +1 的负功率。冲击加速度的刚度依赖性的这种变化可能反映了非平面结构、复杂性、和日冕冲击本身的时间变化。在最大的 SEP 事件中通过流动质子的波放大抑制了低 A/Q 离子的逃逸，在加速激波上游产生了从 +1 到 +3 的观察到的 A/Q 功率，在下游降低到小的负功率。当然，A/Q 的功率与 He、O 和 Fe 的光谱指数相关，但存在无法解释的偏差。