This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of induced urolithiasis by high dietary calcium (Ca) or protein levels on biochemical analyte levels, redox status, selected inflammatory cytokines and histopathology in chickens. A total of 90 one‐day‐old white Hy‐Line chicks were fed basal control diets containing 20% crude protein (CP) and 1% Ca until they reached 44 days of age. After that, the birds were divided into three groups (30 birds per group). All management factors (light, temperature, ventilation, stock density and diet) were identical among the three groups throughout the study except for the dietary Ca and protein percentages. Group I was fed a control diet containing 20% CP and 1% Ca, group II was fed a high‐Ca diet containing 5% Ca, and group III was fed a high‐protein diet containing 25% CP. Our findings clearly demonstrated that dietary imbalance (caused by high‐Ca or high‐CP levels) per se in chickens was physiologically harmful, as it was accompanied by post‐mortem lesions; biochemical, redox status and histopathological alterations; and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6). In particular, the birds fed the high‐Ca diet clearly exhibited the most obvious alterations in most of the endpoints. In conclusion, this study constitutes the first extensive investigation of the effects of high‐Ca or high‐protein diets induced urolithiasis on growth performance, redox status, inflammatory cytokine levels and pathological characterization in chickens.

中文翻译：

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与鸡日粮钙或蛋白质增加引起的尿石症相关的氧化应激的生化和分子研究。

本研究旨在评估高膳食钙 (Ca) 或蛋白质水平诱导的尿石症对鸡的生化分析物水平、氧化还原状态、选定的炎性细胞因子和组织病理学的影响。总共 90 只 1 日龄白色 Hy-Line 雏鸡被饲喂含有 20% 粗蛋白 (CP) 和 1% Ca 的基础对照日粮，直到它们长到 44 日龄。之后，这些鸟被分成三组（每组30只鸟）。在整个研究过程中，三组的所有管理因素（光照、温度、通风、饲养密度和饮食）都相同，除了饮食中的钙和蛋白质百分比。第 I 组喂食含有 20% CP 和 1% Ca 的对照日粮，第 II 组喂食含有 5% Ca 的高钙日粮，第 III 组喂食含有 25% CP 的高蛋白日粮。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，鸡的饮食不平衡（由高钙或高 CP 水平引起）本身在生理上是有害的，因为它伴随着死后病变；生化、氧化还原状态和组织病理学改变；和炎症细胞因子（白细胞介素 (IL)-1β 和 IL-6）的上调。特别是，喂食高钙饮食的鸡在大多数终点上明显表现出最明显的变化。总之，本研究首次对高钙或高蛋白饮食诱导的尿石症对鸡生长性能、氧化还原状态、炎性细胞因子水平和病理特征的影响进行了广泛调查。生化、氧化还原状态和组织病理学改变；和炎症细胞因子（白细胞介素 (IL)-1β 和 IL-6）的上调。特别是，喂食高钙饮食的鸡在大多数终点上明显表现出最明显的变化。总之，本研究首次广泛调查了高钙或高蛋白饮食诱导的尿石症对鸡生长性能、氧化还原状态、炎性细胞因子水平和病理特征的影响。生化、氧化还原状态和组织病理学改变；和炎症细胞因子（白细胞介素 (IL)-1β 和 IL-6）的上调。特别是，喂食高钙饮食的鸡在大多数终点上明显表现出最明显的变化。总之，本研究首次对高钙或高蛋白饮食诱导的尿石症对鸡生长性能、氧化还原状态、炎性细胞因子水平和病理特征的影响进行了广泛调查。