BACKGROUND Viral diseases are responsible for several deaths around the world. Over the past few years, the world has seen several outbreaks caused by viral diseases that for a long time seemed to possess no risk. These are diseases that have been forgotten for a long time and, until nowadays, there are no approved drugs or vaccines, leading the pharmaceutical industry and several research groups to run out of time in the search for new pharmacological treatments or prevention methods. In this context, drug repurposing proves to be a fast and economically viable technique, considering the fact that it uses drugs that have a well-established safety profile. Thus, in this review, we present the main advances in drug repurposing and their benefit for searching new treatments against emerging viral diseases. METHODS We conducted a search in the bibliographic databases (Science Direct, Bentham Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS Publisher, Wiley, and NIH's COVID-19 Portfolio) using the keywords 'drug repurposing', 'emerging viral infections' and each of the diseases reported here (CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV and MARV) as an inclusion/exclusion criterion. A subjective analysis was performed regarding the quality of the works for inclusion in this manuscript. Thus, the selected works were those that presented drugs repositioned against the emerging viral diseases presented here by means of computational, high-throughput screening or phenotype-based strategies, with no time limit and of relevant scientific value. RESULTS 291 papers were selected, 24 of which were CHIKV; 52 for ZIKV; 43 for DENV; 35 for EBOV; 10 for MARV; and 56 for CoV and the rest (72 papers) related to the drugs repurposing and emerging viral diseases. Among CoV-related articles, most were published in 2020 (31 papers), updating the current topic. Besides, between the years 2003 - 2005, 10 articles were created, and from 2011 - 2015 there were 7 articles, portraying the outbreaks that occurred at that time. For ZIKV, similar to CoV, most publications were during the period of outbreaks between the years 2016 - 2017 (23 articles). Similarly, most CHIKV (13 papers) and DENV (14 papers) publications occur at the same time interval. For EBOV (13 papers) and MARV (4 papers), they were between the years 2015 - 2016. Through this review, several drugs were highlighted that can be evolved in vivo and clinical trials as possible used against these pathogens showed that remdesivir represent potential treatments against CoV. Furthermore, ribavirin may also be a potential treatment against CHIKV; sofosbuvir against ZIKV; celgosivir against DENV, and favipiravir against EBOV and MARV, representing new hopes against these pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The conclusions of this review manuscript show the potential of the drug repurposing strategy in the discovery of new pharmaceutical products, as from this approach, drugs that could be used against emerging viral diseases. Thus, this strategy deserves more attention among research groups and is a promising approach to the discovery of new drugs against emerging viral diseases and also other diseases.

中文翻译：

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药物再利用：发现针对新兴病毒感染的抑制剂的策略。

背景技术病毒性疾病是导致世界范围内数例死亡的原因。在过去的几年中，全世界已经看到由病毒疾病引起的几次暴发，长期以来似乎没有任何风险。这些都是被遗忘了很长时间的疾病，直到今天，还没有批准的药物或疫苗，导致制药业和一些研究小组在寻找新的药理疗法或预防方法上花费了很多时间。在这种情况下，考虑到使用具有良好安全性的药物这一事实，药物再利用被证明是一种快速且经济上可行的技术。因此，在这篇综述中，我们介绍了药物利用的主要进展及其对寻找针对新兴病毒性疾病的新疗法的益处。方法我们在书目数据库（Science Direct，Bentham Science，PubMed，Springer，ACS Publisher，Wiley和NIH的COVID-19产品组合）中进行了搜索，使用了关键词“重新利用药物”，“新兴病毒感染”以及每种疾病在此处报告（CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV和MARV）作为纳入/排除标准。对纳入本手稿的作品质量进行了主观分析。因此，入选的作品是那些通过计算，高通量筛选或基于表型的策略呈现出针对此处出现的新兴病毒性疾病的药物重新定位的作品，没有时间限制并且具有相关的科学价值。结果选择291篇论文，其中CHIKV 24篇。ZIKV为52；DENV为43；EBOV为35；MARV为10；CoV为56，其余（72篇论文）与药物再利用和新兴病毒性疾病有关。在CoV相关文章中，大多数文章于2020年发表（31篇论文），更新了当前主题。此外，在2003年至2005年之间，创建了10篇文章，而从2011年至2015年，有7篇文章描述了当时爆发的疾病。对于ZIKV，与CoV相似，大多数出版物都在2016年至2017年之间的暴发期间（共23条）。同样，大多数CHIKV（13篇论文）和DENV（14篇论文）出版物的出版时间是相同的。对于EBOV（13篇论文）和MARV（4篇论文），它们介于2015年至2016年之间。强调了几种可以在体内进化的药物，针对这些病原体的临床试验表明，雷姆昔韦代表了针对CoV的潜在治疗方法。此外，利巴韦林也可能是抗CHIKV的潜在疗法。索非布韦抗ZIKV; 对抗DENV的celgosivir和对抗EBOV和MARV的favipiravir代表了针对这些病原体的新希望。结论本综述的结论表明，在新药物的发现中，药物重用策略的潜力很大，因为通过这种方法，可以用于治疗新兴病毒性疾病的药物。因此，该策略在研究组中值得更多关注，并且是发现针对新兴病毒性疾病和其他疾病的新药的有前途的方法。利巴韦林也可能是抗CHIKV的潜在疗法；索非布韦对抗ZIKV; 对抗DENV的celgosivir和对抗EBOV和MARV的favipiravir代表了针对这些病原体的新希望。结论本综述的结论表明，在新药物的发现中，该药物重用策略的潜力很大，因为通过这种方法，可以用于治疗新兴病毒性疾病的药物。因此，该策略在研究组中值得更多关注，并且是发现针对新兴病毒性疾病和其他疾病的新药的有前途的方法。利巴韦林也可能是抗CHIKV的潜在疗法；索非布韦抗ZIKV; 对抗DENV的celgosivir和对抗EBOV和MARV的favipiravir代表了针对这些病原体的新希望。结论本综述的结论表明，在新药物的发现中，药物重用策略的潜力很大，因为通过这种方法，可以用于治疗新兴病毒性疾病的药物。因此，该策略在研究组中值得更多关注，并且是发现针对新兴病毒性疾病和其他疾病的新药的有前途的方法。结论本综述的结论表明，在新药物的发现中，药物重用策略的潜力很大，因为通过这种方法，可以用于治疗新兴病毒性疾病的药物。因此，该策略在研究组中值得更多关注，并且是发现针对新兴病毒性疾病和其他疾病的新药的有前途的方法。结论本综述的结论表明，在新药物的发现中，药物重用策略的潜力很大，因为通过这种方法，可以用于治疗新兴病毒性疾病的药物。因此，该策略在研究组中值得更多关注，并且是发现针对新兴病毒性疾病和其他疾病的新药的有前途的方法。