Current trends in endosseous implant research are focused on the modification of microdesign of implants to achieve early and strong osseointegration. This study compares the influence of zinc doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHAp) coated, hydrothermally treated (HT) and machined Ti6Al4V (control) implants on osseointegration. The surface characterisation and microbial affinity test for implants were performed. Twenty seven (27) cylinders (3 types in each animal) were placed in the mandible of 9 black Bengal goats. Bone-implant interface was examined with histological, radiological parameters and scanning electron microscopy at 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-implantation. Surface roughness alterations of bone-separated implants were analysed by non-contact profilometer with time. The ZnHAp coated implants revealed direct and early bone-implant contact but high bacterial adherence and coating cracks. Low bacterial affinity and early strong bony integration was observed with HT implants. Poor bacterial affinity and delayed but strong fixation was evident with control implants. Based on the results of laboratory and animal experiments, we conclude that the hydrothermal modification of titanium implant is the more suitable way to achieve safe and effective osseointegration than the other two implant types for endosseous application.

骨内植入物研究的当前趋势集中在修改植入物的微设计以实现早期和强的骨整合。本研究比较了锌掺杂羟基磷灰石 (ZnHAp) 涂层、水热处理 (HT) 和机加工 Ti6Al4V（对照）植入物对骨整合的影响。进行了植入物的表面表征和微生物亲和力测试。将二十七 (27) 个圆柱体（每只动物 3 种类型）放置在 9 只黑孟加拉山羊的下颌骨中。在植入后 6、12 和 24 周用组织学、放射学参数和扫描电子显微镜检查骨植入物界面。通过非接触式轮廓仪随时间分析骨分离植入物的表面粗糙度变化。ZnHAp 涂层种植体显示出直接和早期的骨-种植体接触，但细菌粘附率高且涂层出现裂缝。HT 植入物观察到低细菌亲和力和早期强骨整合。对照植入物的细菌亲和力差和延迟但牢固的固定很明显。基于实验室和动物实验结果，我们得出结论，钛种植体的水热改性是比其他两种种植体类型更适合骨内应用的安全有效骨整合的方法。