The number of donated human organs and tissues for patients with terminal organ failure falls far short of the need. Alternative sources, such as organs and tissues from animals, are therefore urgently required. During the past few years, major progress has been made in the development of genetically multi-modified donor pigs, and their organs have been shown to be safe and efficacious in life-supporting transplantation models into non-human primates, paving the way to clinical xenotransplantation studies. Here, we summarize recent developments in pig genome engineering and discuss efforts to develop the optimum donor pig for xenotransplantation. In addition, we speculate on how many genetic modifications may be required for initial xenotransplantation clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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具有多种基因修饰的异种器官供体猪——越多越好？

为晚期器官衰竭患者捐赠的人体器官和组织的数量远远不能满足需要。因此，迫切需要替代来源，例如来自动物的器官和组织。近年来，基因多修饰供体猪的研制取得重大进展，其器官在维持生命的非人灵长类动物移植模型中已被证明是安全有效的，为临床试验铺平了道路。异种移植研究。在这里，我们总结了猪基因组工程的最新进展，并讨论了为异种移植开发最佳供体猪的努力。此外，我们推测初始异种移植临床试验可能需要多少基因修饰。