In 1962 a team of scientists conducted their first joint fieldwork in a Xavante village in Central Brazil. Recycling long-standing notions that living Indigenous people represented human prehistory, the scientists saw Indigenous people as useful subjects of study not only due to their closeness to nature, but also due to their sociocultural and political realities. The geneticists' vision crystalized around one subject - the famous chief Apöwẽ. Through Apöwẽ, the geneticists fixated on what they perceived as the political prowess, impressive physique, and masculine reproductive aptitude of Xavante men. These constructions of charismatic masculinity came at the expense of recognizing how profoundly colonial expansion into Mato Grosso had destabilized Xavante communities, stripping them of their land and introducing epidemic disease. The geneticists' theorizing prefigured debates to come in sociobiology, and set up an enduring research programme that Apöwẽ continues to animate even four decades after his death.

中文翻译：

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主题 01：冷战遗传学中典型的土著男子气概

1962 年，一组科学家在巴西中部的一个 Xavante 村庄进行了他们的第一次联合实地调查。再利用长期存在的原住民代表人类史前史的观念，科学家们将原住民视为有用的研究对象，这不仅是因为他们与自然的亲近，而且还因为他们的社会文化和政治现实。遗传学家的愿景围绕着一个主题——著名的首领 Apöwẽ 结晶。通过 Apöwẽ，遗传学家专注于他们认为的 Xavante 男性的政治能力、令人印象深刻的体格和男性生殖能力。这些魅力男子气概的构建以牺牲对马托格罗索州的殖民扩张如何深刻地破坏了 Xavante 社区的稳定为代价，剥夺了他们的土地并引入了流行病。