Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the fundamental component of the medial layer of arteries and are essential for arterial physiology and pathology. It is becoming increasingly clear that VSMCs can alter their metabolism to fulfill the bio-energetic and biosynthetic requirements. During vascular injury, VSMCs switch from a quiescent "contractile" phenotype to a highly migratory and proliferative "synthetic" phenotype. Recent studies find that the phenotype switching of VSMCs is driven by a metabolic switch. Metabolic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism, have distinct, indispensable roles in normal and dysfunctional vasculature. VSMCs metabolism is also related to the metabolism of endothelial cells. In the present review, we present a brief overview of VSMCs metabolism, and how it regulates the progression of several vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, vascular calcification, and aneurysms, and the effect of the risk factors for vascular disease (aging, cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol drinking) on VSMCs metabolism, to clarify the role of VSMCs metabolism in the key pathological process.

中文翻译：

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血管疾病中血管平滑肌细胞的代谢。

血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）是动脉内侧层的基本组成部分，对于动脉生理和病理至关重要。越来越明显的是，VSMC可以改变其新陈代谢，以满足生物能和生物合成的要求。在血管损伤期间，VSMC从静止的“可收缩”表型转换为高度迁移和增生的“合成”表型。最近的研究发现，VSMC的表型转换是由代谢转换驱动的。代谢途径，包括有氧糖酵解，脂肪酸氧化和氨基酸代谢，在正常和功能异常的脉管系统中具有独特的，必不可少的作用。VSMCs的代谢也与内皮细胞的代谢有关。在本文中，我们简要介绍了VSMC的代谢，