The goal of translational medicine is to use an improved understanding of human biology to develop new clinical approaches. Immune responses are highly variable from one person to another, with this variability strongly impacting clinical outcome. Variable immunity can determine differential risks for infection, for development of autoimmunity, and for response to therapeutic interventions. Therefore, a better understanding of the causes of such differences has huge potential to improve patient management through precision medicine strategies. Variability in immunity is determined by intrinsic (e.g. age, sex), extrinsic (e.g. environment, diet), and genetic factors. There is a growing consensus that genetics factors account for 20-40% of immune variability between individuals. The remaining unexplained variability is likely due to direct environmental influences, as well as specific gene-environmental interactions, which are more challenging to quantify and study. However, population based cohort studies with systems immunology approaches are now providing new understanding into these associations.

中文翻译：

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了解免疫变异以改进转化医学。

转化医学的目标是利用对人类生物学的深入了解来开发新的临床方法。免疫反应因人而异，这种可变性强烈影响临床结果。可变免疫可以确定感染、自身免疫的发展和对治疗干预的反应的不同风险。因此，更好地了解这种差异的原因对于通过精准医疗策略改善患者管理具有巨大的潜力。免疫的可变性由内在（例如年龄、性别）、外在（例如环境、饮食）和遗传因素决定。越来越多的共识是遗传因素占个体之间免疫变异的 20-40%。剩下的无法解释的变异可能是由于直接的环境影响，以及特定的基因-环境相互作用，量化和研究更具挑战性。然而，使用系统免疫学方法的基于人群的队列研究现在为这些关联提供了新的理解。