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Influence of prior beliefs on perception in early psychosis: Effects of illness stage and hierarchical level of belief.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1037/abn0000494
Joost Haarsma 1 , Franziska Knolle 1 , Juliet D Griffin 1 , Hilde Taverne 1 , Marius Mada 1 , Ian M Goodyer 1 , The Nspn Consortium , Paul C Fletcher 1 , Graham K Murray 1
Affiliation  

Alterations in the balance between prior expectations and sensory evidence may account for faulty perceptions and inferences leading to psychosis. However, uncertainties remain about the nature of altered prior expectations and the degree to which they vary with the emergence of psychosis. We explored how expectations arising at two different levels-cognitive and perceptual-influenced processing of sensory information and whether relative influences of higher- and lower-level priors differed across people with prodromal symptoms and those with psychotic illness. In two complementary auditory perception experiments, 91 participants (30 with first-episode psychosis, 29 at clinical risk for psychosis, and 32 controls) were required to decipher a phoneme within ambiguous auditory input. Expectations were generated in two ways: an accompanying visual input of lip movements observed during auditory presentation or through written presentation of a phoneme provided prior to auditory presentation. We determined how these different types of information shaped auditory perceptual experience, how this was altered across the prodromal and established phases of psychosis, and how this relates to cingulate glutamate levels assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The psychosis group relied more on high-level cognitive priors compared to both healthy controls and those at clinical risk for psychosis and relied more on low-level perceptual priors than the clinical risk group. The risk group was marginally less reliant on low-level perceptual priors than controls. The results are consistent with previous theory that influences of prior expectations in perceptions in psychosis differ according to level of prior and illness phase. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

先前信念对早期精神病感知的影响:疾病阶段和信念等级的影响。

先前期望和感官证据之间平衡的改变可能会导致导致精神病的错误感知和推论。然而,关于改变的先前期望的性质以及它们随着精神病的出现而变化的程度仍然存在不确定性。我们探讨了在两个不同层次上产生的期望 - 认知和感知影响的感觉信息处理,以及高水平和低水平先验的相对影响在前驱症状患者和精神病患者之间是否存在差异。在两个互补的听觉感知实验中,91 名参与者(30 名患有首发精神病,29 名有精神病临床风险,32 名对照组)需要在模糊的听觉输入中破译音素。期望以两种方式产生:在听觉呈现期间或通过听觉呈现之前提供的音素的书面呈现观察到的伴随的嘴唇运动视觉输入。我们确定了这些不同类型的信息是如何塑造听觉感知体验的,这是如何在精神病的前驱期和既定阶段改变的,以及这与磁共振波谱评估的扣带回谷氨酸水平有何关系。与健康对照组和有精神病临床风险的人相比,精神病组更多地依赖于高水平的认知先验,并且比临床风险组更多地依赖于低水平的感知先验。与对照组相比,风险组对低水平感知先验的依赖程度略低。结果与先前的理论一致,即先前预期对精神病感知的影响根据先前和疾病阶段的水平而有所不同。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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