Most genomes within the species complex of Fusarium oxysporum are organized into two compartments: the core chromosomes (CCs) and accessory chromosomes (ACs). As opposed to CCs, which are conserved and vertically transmitted to carry out essential housekeeping functions, lineage- or strain-specific ACs are believed to be initially horizontally acquired through unclear mechanisms. These two genomic compartments are different in terms of gene density, the distribution of transposable elements, and epigenetic markers. Although common in eukaryotes, the functional importance of ACs is uniquely emphasized among fungal species, specifically in relationship to fungal pathogenicity and their adaptation to diverse hosts. With a focus on the cross-kingdom fungal pathogen F. oxysporum, this review provides a summary of the differences between CCs and ACs based on current knowledge of gene functions, genome structures, and epigenetic signatures, and explores the transcriptional crosstalk between the core and accessory genomes.

尖孢镰刀菌种复合体中的大多数基因组被组织为两个区室：核心染色体（CC）和辅助染色体（AC）。与保存并垂直传输以执行基本管家功能的CC相反，特定于世系或品系的AC被认为最初是通过不清楚的机制水平获得的。这两个基因组区室在基因密度，转座因子的分布和表观遗传标记方面有所不同。尽管ACs在真核生物中很常见，但在真菌物种中特别强调了AC的功能重要性，特别是在与真菌致病性及其对多种宿主的适应性方面。着眼于跨王国真菌病原菌F. oxysporum，本综述基于对基因功能，基因组结构和表观遗传学签名的当前知识，总结了CC和AC之间的差异，并探讨了核心基因组和辅助基因组之间的转录串扰。