Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of infectious disease is critically important in guiding prevention, management and breeding strategies. Novel pathogen lineages may arise within agricultural environments, wild hosts or from non-host associated disease reservoirs. Although the source of most disease outbreaks remains unknown, environmental and zoonotic origins are frequently identified in mammalian pathosystems and expanded sampling of plant pathosystems reveals important links with wild populations. This review describes key ecological and evolutionary processes underlying disease emergence, with particular emphasis on shifts from wild reservoirs to cultivated hosts and genetic mechanisms driving host adaption subsequent to emergence.

中文翻译：

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冲突或战争：农业植物病原体的出现。

了解传染病出现的生态和进化过程对于指导预防，管理和育种策略至关重要。新的病原体谱系可能在农业环境，野生宿主或与非宿主相关的疾病库中出现。尽管大多数疾病暴发的来源仍然未知，但在哺乳动物的病理系统中经常发现环境和人畜共患的起源，而对植物病理系统的扩展采样揭示了与野生种群的重要联系。这篇综述描述了疾病出现的关键生态和进化过程，特别着重于从野生水库向栽培宿主的转移，以及在出现之后驱动宿主适应的遗传机制。