Dysfunctional cognitions such as irrational beliefs (IBs) of Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) model and cognitive distortions (CDs) or cognitive errors from Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) model are known to correlate with depressive symptomatology. However, most studies focus on one cognitive theoretical model in predicting psychopathology. The current study examined the relationship between both IBs and CDs in predicting depression. A college-age sample of 507 participants completed the Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-2, the Cognitive Distortions Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Half of the sample showed minimal depression, while the remaining sample exhibited mild-moderate (37.4%) to severe (11.1%) depression symptomatology. Through regression analyses, the study aimed to examine whether IBs accounted for more of the variance in depression symptomatology after the effects of CDs were considered. Moreover, it tested whether CDs served as a moderator or mediator between IBs and depression. Each of Ellis' IBs (demandingness, awfulizing, self-downing, and low frustration tolerance) accounted for significantly more variance in depression after the variance of CDs was entered with the IB of self-downing explaining the most variance in depression severity. Moreover, while no moderation effect was found, CDs partially mediated the effect of IBs on depression. Both IBs and CDs contributed unique variance in predicting depression. Findings support the clinical notion that IBs and CDs are associated as well as highlight the clinical utility of both conceptualizations of dysfunctional cognitions in explaining depressive symptomatology. Clinicians might consider that each dysfunctional cognition might not be subject to change if not directly targeted. Rather than choosing to focus exclusively on IBs or CDs underlying negative automatic thoughts, psychotherapeutic efforts might benefit from identifying and challenging both types of dysfunctional cognitions.

中文翻译：

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大学时代样本中的非理性信念，认知失真和抑郁症状：中介分析。

众所周知，功能障碍的认知，例如Ellis理性情绪行为疗法（REBT）模型的非理性信念（IBs）和认知畸变（CDs）或Beck认知行为疗法（CBT）模型的认知错误，都与抑郁症状有关。但是，大多数研究集中在预测心理病理学的一种认知理论模型上。目前的研究检查了IBs和CDs在预测抑郁症中的关系。507位参与者的大学年龄样本完成了“态度和信念量表” -2，“认知失真量表”和“贝克抑郁量表-II”。一半的样本表现出轻微的抑郁症，而其余样本表现出轻度-中度（37.4％）至严重（11.1％）的抑郁症症状。通过回归分析，这项研究旨在检查在考虑CD的影响后，IB是否在抑郁症症状学中占更多的差异。此外，它还测试了CD是否充当IB和抑郁症之间的主持人或调解人。在输入CD的差异后，每一个Ellis的IB（需求度，令人恐惧，自我压抑和低挫折耐受力）都导致抑郁症的差异更大，而自我压制的IB解释了抑郁症严重程度的最大差异。此外，虽然未发现调节作用，但CD会部分介导IBs对抑郁的作用。IB和CD都在预测抑郁症中发挥了独特的作用。这些发现支持了IB和CD相关的临床观点，并突出了功能障碍性认知的两种概念化在解释抑郁症状方面的临床效用。临床医生可能会认为，如果不直接针对每个功能障碍的认知，则它们可能不会发生变化。而不是选择只专注于消极的自动思想背后的IB或CD，心理治疗的努力可能会从识别和挑战两种功能障碍的认知中受益。