Macropinocytosis is increasingly recognized for its versatile adaptations and functions as a highly conserved, ubiquitous pathway for the bulk uptake of fluid, particulate cargo, and membranes. Innate immune cells and transformed cancer cells share the capacity for both constitutive and induced macropinocytosis, which is used for immune surveillance, ingestion of pathogens, immune response shaping, and enhancement of scavenging for nutrients as fuel for cell survival and proliferation. Immunology and cancer biology are leading a resurgence of interest in defining the molecular and physiological regulation of macropinocytosis, partly in pursuit of ways to control macropinocytic uptake in disease settings. New approaches, including high-resolution live imaging, screening of cell surface molecular inventories, biophysics, and exploration of cell microenvironments, have converged to provide new insights into macropinosome induction, formation, and maturation. Recent studies reveal mechanisms for fluid control in and by macrophage macropinosomes that impinge on membrane trafficking and cell migration. EGFR, PTEN, V-ATPase, syndecan 1, and galectin-3 have roles variably in the metabolic regulation of Ras or PI3K signaling for Rac1-mediated macropinocytosis in cancer. These molecular pathways and mechanisms contribute to the impressive adaptability of macropinocytosis in many cells and tissues and in disease.

中文翻译：

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巨细胞增多症：来自免疫学和癌症的见解。

巨噬细胞增多症因其广泛的适应性和功能而日益得到认可，它是大量摄取流体，颗粒货物和膜的高度保守的普遍途径。先天性免疫细胞和转化的癌细胞具有组成型和诱导型巨细胞增多症的能力，可用于免疫监视，病原体的摄入，免疫反应的形成以及对营养的清除，这些营养素可作为细胞存活和增殖的燃料。免疫学和癌症生物学正在引起人们对重新定义大胞饮作用的分子和生理调节的兴趣，部分原因是寻求在疾病情况下控制大粒胞摄取的方法。新方法，包括高分辨率实时成像，细胞表面分子清单筛选，生物物理学，细胞微环境的研究和探索已经融合在一起，从而为巨人小体的诱导，形成和成熟提供了新的见识。最近的研究揭示了巨噬细胞巨胞体中和由其控制流体的机制，这些机制影响膜运输和细胞迁移。EGFR，PTEN，V-ATPase，syndecan 1和半乳糖凝集素3在Ras或PI3K信号的代谢调节中，对于癌症中Rac1介导的巨胞饮作用具有不同的作用。这些分子途径和机制有助于巨胞饮作用在许多细胞和组织以及疾病中的令人印象深刻的适应性。V-ATPase，syndecan 1和galectin-3在Ras或PI3K信号传导的代谢调节中，对于癌症中Rac1介导的巨胞饮作用具有不同的作用。这些分子途径和机制有助于巨胞饮作用在许多细胞和组织以及疾病中的令人印象深刻的适应性。V-ATPase，syndecan 1和galectin-3在Ras或PI3K信号传导的代谢调节中，对于癌症中Rac1介导的巨胞饮作用具有不同的作用。这些分子途径和机制有助于巨胞饮作用在许多细胞和组织以及疾病中的令人印象深刻的适应性。