ABSTRACT

Background: Although ICD-11 adjustment (AjD), posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress (CPTSD) are commonly diagnosed disorders following exposure to stressful or traumatic life events, their dimensional structure and co-occurrence has never been tested in a single study. The present study explored the latent structure of AjD, PTSD, and CPTSD symptoms and their relationship to stressful and traumatic life events to determine the degree of distinctiveness between these constructs.

Methods: Participants were clinical patients (N = 331) who completed self-report measures of stressful and traumatic life events, AjD (The Adjustment Disorder – New Module 8 (ADNM-8)) and PTSD / CPTSD (The International Trauma Questionnaire – ITQ).

Results: Using confirmatory factor analysis, a second-order model comprised of correlated latent variables of AjD, PTSD, and CPTSD provided the best fit of the data. It was also found that stressors and traumatic life events were positively associated with all of these conditions although childhood trauma was only associated with CPTSD.

Conclusions: The current findings support the ICD-11 model of related-but-distinct stress-related disorders. We discuss the existence of a stress-response continuum and how the current findings impact the development of clinical interventions that may be shared across, or unique to, each stress-related disorder.

摘要

背景：尽管 ICD-11 调整 (AjD)、创伤后压力 (PTSD) 和复杂的创伤后压力 (CPTSD) 是暴露于压力或创伤性生活事件后通常被诊断出的疾病，但它们的维度结构和共现从未在单一的学习。本研究探讨了 AjD、PTSD 和 CPTSD 症状的潜在结构及其与压力和创伤性生活事件的关系，以确定这些结构之间的独特程度。

方法：参与者是临床患者（N  = 331），他们完成了压力和创伤性生活事件的自我报告测量，AjD（适应障碍 - 新模块 8（ADNM-8））和 PTSD / CPTSD（国际创伤问卷 - ITQ ）。

结果：使用验证性因子分析，由 AjD、PTSD 和 CPTSD 的相关潜在变量组成的二阶模型提供了数据的最佳拟合。还发现压力源和创伤性生活事件与所有这些情况呈正相关，尽管童年创伤仅与 CPTSD 相关。

结论：目前的研究结果支持相关但不同的压力相关疾病的 ICD-11 模型。我们讨论了压力反应连续体的存在，以及当前的发现如何影响临床干预措施的发展，这些干预措施可能在每种压力相关疾病之间共享或独特。