Sometimes, we intentionally evaluate stimuli to assess whether we recognize them, whereas, at other times, stimuli automatically elicit recognition despite our efforts to ignore them. If multiple stimuli are encountered in the same environment, intentional recognition judgments can be biased by unintentional recognition of to-be-ignored stimuli. Aging is associated with increased distractibility and impaired intentional retrieval processes, which can make older adults more susceptible to distraction-induced recognition biases. We measured recognition memory performance, event-related potentials (ERPs), and electroencephalography oscillations in old (age range = 60-74) and young (age range = 18-24) adults to investigate how aging affects unintentional and intentional memory processes, and how these processes interact over time to produce distraction-induced recognition biases. Older participants had poorer intentional recognition memory, but the biasing effect of unintentional distractor recognition was similar across age groups. ERP effects related to intentional and unintentional recognition that were strongly expressed in the younger group were reduced or absent in the older group. Furthermore, the older group showed qualitatively different ERP activity during intentional recognition compared with the younger group. However, similar patterns of theta and alpha oscillations were found in both age groups, who showed theta power increases for both intentional and unintentional recognition, whereas alpha power was enhanced for intentional recognition but reduced for unintentional recognition. Overall, the findings show that unintentional and intentional recognition involve multiple dissociable memory processes that have different time-courses and functional characteristics and are differentially affected by aging. Whereas aging has strong effects on the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying intentional recognition memory, unintentional recognition mechanisms are less affected. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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意外识别分散注意力：神经认知机制和衰老影响。

有时，我们故意评估刺激以评估我们是否认识到它们，而在其他时候，尽管我们努力忽略它们，刺激仍会自动引起识别。如果在同一环境中遇到多个刺激，则可能由于无意识地识别了被忽略的刺激而使有意识别判断产生偏差。衰老与增加的注意力分散和故意的检索过程受损有关，这会使老年人更容易受到干扰引起的识别偏差的影响。我们测量了成年人（年龄范围为60-74岁）和年轻人（年龄范围为18-24岁）成年人的识别记忆性能，事件相关电位（ERP）和脑电图振荡，以研究衰老如何影响无意识和有意记忆过程，以及这些过程如何随着时间相互作用以产生干扰引起的识别偏差。年龄较大的参与者的意向识别记忆力较差，但无意识的干扰物识别的偏见效应在各个年龄组中相似。在年轻组中强烈表达的与有意和无意识别有关的ERP效应在较老组中降低或消失。此外，与年轻组相比，老年组在有意识别过程中显示出本质上不同的ERP活动。但是，在两个年龄组中都发现了相似的θ和α振荡模式，他们显示出θ功率在有意和无意识识别中均增加，而α功率在有意识别中有所增强，而在无意识别中有所降低。总体，研究结果表明，无意识和有意识别涉及多个可分离的记忆过程，这些过程具有不同的时程和功能特征，并且受到衰老的影响不同。衰老对有意识别记忆的神经认知机制有很强的影响，而无意识别机制的影响则较小。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。