BACKGROUND Limited data exist about causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in African children. We evaluated types of kidney disease in Ugandan children 0-18 years and compared HRQoL in children with CKD or with benign or resolving kidney disease (non-CKD) to assess predictors of HRQoL. METHODS Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data were obtained for this cross-sectional study. Pediatric Quality of Life Core Scale™ (PedsQL) was used to survey 4 domains and overall HRQoL. CKD and non-CKD scores were compared using unpaired t test. HRQoL predictors were evaluated using linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS One hundred forty-nine children (71 CKD, 78 non-CKD; median age 9 years; male 63%) had the following primary diseases: nephrotic syndrome (56%), congenital anomalies of the urinary tract (CAKUT) (19%), glomerulonephritis (17%), and other (8%). CAKUT was the predominant etiology (39%) for CKD; 63% had advanced stages 3b-5. Overall HRQoL scores were significantly lower for CKD (57 vs. 86 by child report, p < 0.001; 63 vs. 86 by parent proxy report, p < 0.001). Predictors of lower HRQoL were advanced CKD stages 3b-5, primary caregiver non-parent, vitamin D deficiency, and anemia. CONCLUSION Like other parts of the world, CAKUT was the main cause of CKD. Most CKD children presented at late CKD stages 3b-5. Compared with non-CKD, HRQoL in CKD was much lower; only two-thirds attended school. Vitamin D deficiency and anemia were potentially modifiable predictors of low HRQoL. Interventions with vitamin D, iron, and erythropoietin-stimulating agents might lead to improved HRQoL.

中文翻译：

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慢性肾病影响东非乌干达儿童的健康相关生活质量。

背景 关于非洲儿童慢性肾病 (CKD) 的病因和对健康相关生活质量 (HRQoL) 的影响，数据有限。我们评估了乌干达 0-18 岁儿童的肾脏疾病类型，并比较了 CKD 或良性或解决性肾脏疾病（非 CKD）儿童的 HRQoL，以评估 HRQoL 的预测因素。方法 本横断面研究获得了人口统计学、社会经济和临床数据。儿科生活质量核心量表™ (PedsQL) 用于调查 4 个领域和整体 HRQoL。使用非配对 t 检验比较 CKD 和非 CKD 评分。使用线性和逻辑回归分析评估 HRQoL 预测因子。结果 149 名儿童（71 名 CKD，78 名非 CKD；中位年龄 9 岁；男性 63%）有以下原发病：肾病综合征（56%）、先天性泌尿道异常 (CAKUT) (19%)、肾小球肾炎 (17%) 和其他 (8%)。CAKUT 是 CKD 的主要病因 (39%)；63% 具有晚期 3b-5 阶段。CKD 的总体 HRQoL 得分显着较低（儿童报告为 57 对 86，p < 0.001；父母代理报告为 63 对 86，p < 0.001）。HRQoL 较低的预测因素是晚期 CKD 3b-5 期、主要照顾者非父母、维生素 D 缺乏和贫血。结论 与世界其他地区一样，CAKUT 是 CKD 的主要原因。大多数 CKD 儿童出现在晚期 CKD 阶段 3b-5。与非CKD相比，CKD患者的HRQoL要低得多；只有三分之二的人上过学。维生素 D 缺乏和贫血是低 HRQoL 的潜在可改变预测因素。使用维生素 D、铁和促红细胞生成素刺激剂进行干预可能会改善 HRQoL。