Abstract

Drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are unique engineering environments that are important routes for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water pose risks to human and environmental health. Metals are known stressors that can select for antibiotic resistance. The objective of this review was to assess the state of knowledge regarding the impact of metal pipe materials, corrosion products, and corrosion inhibitors on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in DWDS. ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been detected in full-scale DWDS in concentrations ranging from ~ 10¹ to 10¹⁰ copies/L. Metal pipe materials can select for bacteria harboring ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) through co-selection processes. Corrosion products that develop in metal drinking water pipes (Cu, Fe, and Pb oxides) may also stimulate antibiotic resistance selection during distribution. Different corrosion inhibitor regimes (phosphates, sodium silicates) may also have impacts on microbial communities and the abundance of resistance genes in DWDS. Research is needed to quantify how engineering decisions related to drinking water infrastructure and corrosion inhibitor practices impact the abundance and distribution of ARG, MRGs, and MGEs in potable water systems.

Key points

• Lack of quantitative measurements of antibiotic and metal resistance genes in drinking water distribution systems.

• Pipe materials and corrosion products that develop in pipe scales may impact antibiotic resistance.

• Corrosion inhibitors with zinc or phosphate could alter antibiotic resistance.

• Management decisions should consider antibiotic resistance ramifications.

中文翻译：

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金属管道材料，腐蚀产物和腐蚀抑制剂对饮用水分配系统中抗生素抗性的影响。

摘要

饮用水分配系统（DWDS）是独特的工程环境，是获取和传播抗生素抗性的重要途径。饮用水中的抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）对人类和环境健康构成威胁。金属是已知的可以选择抗生素抗性的应激源。这篇综述的目的是评估关于金属管材，腐蚀产物和腐蚀抑制剂对DWDS中抗生素耐药性的影响的知识状态。在全尺寸DWDS中检测到ARG和移动遗传元件（MGE）的浓度范围为〜10 ¹至10 ¹⁰份/ L。金属管材料可以通过共选过程选择带有ARG和金属抗性基因（MRG）的细菌。金属饮用水管道中产生的腐蚀产物（Cu，Fe和Pb氧化物）也可能刺激分配过程中抗生素抗性的选择。不同的腐蚀抑制剂体系（磷酸盐，硅酸钠）也可能对微生物群落和DWDS中抗性基因的丰富产生影响。需要进行研究以量化与饮用水基础设施和腐蚀抑制剂实践相关的工程决策如何影响饮用水系统中ARG，MRG和MGE的数量和分布。

关键点

•在饮用水分配系统中缺乏对抗生素和金属抗性基因的定量测量。

•管道垢中产生的管道材料和腐蚀产物可能会影响抗生素耐药性。

•锌或磷酸盐的缓蚀剂可能会改变抗生素的耐药性。

•管理决策应考虑抗生素耐药性影响。