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Working Memory Performance Under Stress.
Experimental Psychology ( IF 1.667 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000484
Petra Luers 1, 2 , Malgorzata Schloeffel 2, 3 , Jens C Prüssner 1
Affiliation  

Acute stress and chronic stress change the physiology and function of the individual. As one facet, stress and its neuroendocrine correlates - with glucocorticoids in particular - modulate memory in a concerted action. With respect to working memory, impairing effects of acute stress and increased levels of glucocorticoids could be expected, but empirical evidence on moderating effects of cortisol on working memory is ambiguous in human studies. In the current study, we thus aimed to investigate cortisol stress responses and memory performance. Older men and women (32 men, 43 women, aged 61-67 years) underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and performed the 2-back task before and after exposure to acute stress. In line with theoretical assumptions, we found that higher cortisol stress responses led to a decline of working memory performance in men. However, the opposite was evident for women, who appeared to benefit from higher stress responses. This effect was evident for accuracy, but not for reaction time. In conclusion, cortisol might mediate working memory alterations with stress in a sex-specific manner in older people. Possible mechanisms and causes for these sex differences put a focus on endocrine changes in the aging population that might lead to differential effects across the lifespan.

中文翻译:

压力下的工作记忆性能。

急性应激和慢性应激会改变个体的生理和功能。作为一个方面,压力及其神经内分泌相互关联-特别是糖皮质激素-以协同作用调节记忆。关于工作记忆,可以预料到急性应激的减弱作用和糖皮质激素水平的升高,但是在人类研究中,关于皮质醇对工作记忆的调节作用的经验证据尚不明确。因此,在当前的研究中,我们旨在研究皮质醇应激反应和记忆表现。年龄较大的男性和女性(32名男性,43名女性,年龄在61-67岁之间)接受了Trier社会压力测试(TSST),并在暴露于急性压力之前和之后进行了两次背部锻炼。根据理论假设,我们发现较高的皮质醇应激反应导致男性工作记忆性能下降。但是,相反的情况对于女性似乎很明显,她们似乎可以从较高的压力反应中受益。这种效果对于准确性是明显的,但对于反应时间却不明显。总之,皮质醇可能以性别特定的方式介导老年人的工作记忆改变与压力。这些性别差异的可能机制和原因着重于老龄人口的内分泌变化,这可能会导致整个寿命的差异性影响。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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