The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut-lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut-lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组是治疗呼吸系统疾病的有希望的目标。

肠道菌群已成为大肠癌，肥胖，糖尿病，炎性肠病，焦虑症和帕金森氏病等疾病发展的重要病因之一。细菌菌群与肺之间的联系的出现导致了肠肺轴的发现。几种结肠细菌（例如硬毛菌和拟杆菌）的营养不良以及这些细菌通过淋巴和全身循环从肠道转移到肺部，与多种呼吸系统疾病（例如肺癌，哮喘，结核病，囊性纤维化等）有关。目前治疗营养不良的方法包括使用益生菌，益生元和合生元来恢复各种有益细菌之间的平衡。为了提高益生菌在人体内的渗透性和生存能力，已经探索了各种方法，例如纳米技术和微囊化方法。当今的需求是全面研究营养不良背后的机制，微生物群通过各种途径从肠道转移到肺部以及评估纠正该营养不良的新疗法的新技术，从而可用于管理各种呼吸系统疾病。微流体和器官芯片模型是可以满足这些需求的新兴技术。这篇综述概述了肺病理学中的结肠共鸣和有助于缓解肺部疾病症状的新型系统。