Advances in ancient genomics are providing unprecedented insight into modern human history. Here, we review recent progress uncovering prehistoric populations in Eastern Eurasia based on ancient DNA studies from the Upper Pleistocene to the Holocene. Many ancient populations existed during the Upper Pleistocene of Eastern Eurasia-some with no substantial ancestry related to present-day populations, some with an affinity to East Asians, and some who contributed to Native Americans. By the Holocene, the genetic composition across East Asia greatly shifted, with several substantial migrations. Three are southward: an increase in northern East Asian-related ancestry in southern East Asia; movement of East Asian-related ancestry into Southeast Asia, mixing with Basal Asian ancestry; and movement of southern East Asian ancestry to islands of Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific through the expansion of Austronesians. We anticipate that additional ancient DNA will magnify our understanding of the genetic history in Eastern Eurasia.

中文翻译：

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欧亚大陆东部人类进化史利用古代 DNA 的见解。

古代基因组学的进步为现代人类历史提供了前所未有的洞察力。在这里，我们回顾了基于从上更新世到全新世的古代 DNA 研究揭示东欧亚大陆史前种群的最新进展。许多古代人口存在于东欧亚大陆的上更新世——有些与现代人口没有实质性的血统，有些与东亚人有亲缘关系，有些则为美洲原住民做出了贡献。到全新世，整个东亚的基因组成发生了很大的变化，发生了几次大规模的迁移。三是向南：东亚南部与东亚北部相关的血统增加；东亚相关血统向东南亚移动，与基础亚洲血统混合；通过南岛人的扩张，东亚南部的祖先向东南亚和西南太平洋的岛屿迁移。我们预计更多的古代 DNA 将扩大我们对东欧亚大陆遗传历史的理解。