There are many possible failure points in the transmission of genetic information that can produce heritable germline mutations. Once a mutation has been passed from parents to offspring for several generations, it can be difficult or impossible to identify its root cause; however, sometimes the nature of the ancestral and derived DNA sequences can provide mechanistic clues about a genetic change that happened hundreds or thousands of generations ago. Here, we review evidence that the sequence context 'spectrum' of germline mutagenesis has been evolving surprisingly rapidly over the history of humans and other species. We go on to discuss possible causal factors that might underlie rapid mutation spectrum evolution.

中文翻译：

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通过突变谱变异的镜头推断突变率的进化动力学。

在可以产生可遗传的种系突变的遗传信息的传递中有许多可能的失败点。一旦突变从父母传给后代几代，就很难或不可能确定其根本原因；然而，有时祖先和衍生 DNA 序列的性质可以提供有关数百或数千代前发生的遗传变化的机械线索。在这里，我们回顾了证据，表明在人类和其他物种的历史中，种系诱变的序列上下文“谱”以惊人的速度发展。我们继续讨论可能成为快速突变谱进化基础的可能因果因素。