Over one million women in the United States receive biopsy diagnoses of benign breast disease (BBD) each year, which confer a 1.5–4.0-fold increase in breast cancer risk. Studies in the general population suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) lower breast cancer risk; however, associations among women with BBD are unknown. We assessed whether NSAID use among women diagnosed with BBD is associated with lower breast cancer risk. Participants included 3,080 women (mean age = 50.3 ± 13.5 years) in the Mayo BBD surgical biopsy cohort diagnosed between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2001 who completed breast cancer risk factor questionnaires that assessed NSAID use, and whose biopsies underwent detailed pathology review, masked to outcome. Women were followed from date of BBD biopsy to breast cancer diagnosis (main outcome) or censoring (death, prophylactic mastectomy, reduction mammoplasty, lobular carcinoma in situ or last contact). Median follow-up time was 16.4 ± 6.0 years. Incident breast cancer was diagnosed among 312 women over a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Regular non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with lower breast cancer risk [HR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46–0.85; P = 0.002] with trends of lower risk (highest tertiles of use vs. nonuse) for greater number of years used [HR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.31–0.97; Ptrend = 0.003), days used per month (HR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.33–0.80; Ptrend = 0.001) and lifetime number of doses taken (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31–0.89; Ptrend = 0.003). We conclude that nonaspirin NSAID use is associated with statistically significant lower breast cancer risk after a BBD biopsy, including a dose–response effect, suggesting a potential role for NSAIDs in breast cancer prevention among patients with BBD.

中文翻译：

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良性乳房活检后的乳腺癌风险和非甾体抗炎药的使用

美国每年有超过 100 万女性接受良性乳腺疾病 (BBD) 的活检诊断，这意味着患乳腺癌的风险增加了 1.5-4.0 倍。对普通人群的研究表明，非甾体类抗炎药 (NSAID) 可降低患乳腺癌的风险；然而，女性与 BBD 之间的关联尚不清楚。我们评估了诊断为 BBD 的女性使用 NSAID 是否与较低的乳腺癌风险相关。参与者包括在 1992 年 1 月 1 日至 2001 年 12 月 31 日期间诊断的 Mayo BBD 手术活检队列中的 3,080 名女性（平均年龄 = 50.3 ± 13.5 岁），她们完成了评估 NSAID 使用的乳腺癌风险因素问卷调查，并且其活检进行了详细的病理学审查, 掩盖了结果。从 BBD 活检日期到乳腺癌诊断（主要结果）或审查（死亡、预防性乳房切除术、乳房缩小成形术、原位小叶癌或最后一次接触），对女性进行了随访。中位随访时间为 16.4 ± 6.0 年。在 9.9 年的中位随访期间，312 名女性被诊断出乳腺癌。定期使用非阿司匹林 NSAID 与较低的乳腺癌风险相关 [HR = 0.63；95% 置信区间 (CI) = 0.46–0.85；P = 0.002] 具有较低风险趋势（使用与不使用的最高三分位数），使用年限较长 [HR = 0.55；95% CI = 0.31–0.97；Ptrend = 0.003）、每月使用天数（HR = 0.51；95% CI = 0.33–0.80；Ptrend = 0.001）和终生服用剂量数（HR = 0.53；95% CI = 0.31–0.89；Ptrend = 0.003）。