Current Protein & Peptide Science ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 , DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200726223336 Madhuri Jayathirtha 1 , Emmalyn J Dupree 1 , Zaen Manzoor 1 , Brianna Larose 1 , Zach Sechrist 1 , Anca-Narcisa Neagu 2 , Brindusa Alina Petre 3 , Costel C Darie 1
The human genome is sequenced and comprised of ~30,000 genes, making humans just a little bit more complicated than worms or flies. However, complexity of humans is given by proteins that these genes code for because one gene can produce many proteins mostly through alternative splicing and tissue-dependent expression of particular proteins. In addition, post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins greatly increase the number of gene products or protein isoforms. Furthermore, stable and transient interactions between proteins, protein isoforms/proteoforms and PTM-ed proteins (protein-protein interactions, PPI) add yet another level of complexity in humans and other organisms. In the past, all of these proteins were analyzed one at the time. Currently, they are analyzed by a less tedious method: mass spectrometry (MS) for two reasons: 1) because of the complexity of proteins, protein PTMs and PPIs and 2) because MS is the only method that can keep up with such a complex array of features. Here, we discuss the applications of mass spectrometry in protein analysis.
中文翻译:
蛋白质和多肽的质谱(MS)分析
人类基因组已测序并包含约30,000个基因,这使人类比蠕虫或苍蝇复杂一点。但是,人类的复杂性是由这些基因编码的蛋白质所造成的,因为一个基因可以通过选择性剪接和特定蛋白质的组织依赖性表达来产生许多蛋白质。另外,蛋白质中的翻译后修饰(PTM)大大增加了基因产物或蛋白质同工型的数量。此外,蛋白质,蛋白质同工型/蛋白形式与PTM-ed蛋白质之间的稳定和短暂相互作用(蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用,PPI)在人类和其他生物体中又增加了另一层次的复杂性。过去,所有这些蛋白质都是一次分析的。当前,使用较少繁琐的方法对它们进行分析:质谱(MS),其原因有两个:1)由于蛋白质,蛋白质PTM和PPI的复杂性,以及2)因为MS是唯一可以跟上如此复杂特征的方法。在这里,我们讨论质谱在蛋白质分析中的应用。