Exercise is a valuable tool in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, endocannabinoids (eCBs), involved in a large range of physiological processes, are elevated with both obesity and acute exercise. In this review we outline this paradox overlap in the context of metabolic health and delineate the transcriptomic response of skeletal muscle to acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise in relation to the endocannabinoid system by utilizing a meta-analyses tool. We show that exercise modulates the expression of receptors and enzymes involved in the synthesis and breakdown of eCBs and discuss that eCBs possibly interfere with the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), consisting of certain endogenous lipids (i.e. endocannabinoids), their receptors and associated metabolic enzymes, is involved in the modulation of a plethora of cognitive and physiological processes. Besides its role in the control of, for example, mood formation and immune responses, the ECS takes part in the regulation of appetite and energy metabolism [1,2]. In this current opinion review we will focus on the increased activity of the ECS that is associated with cardiometabolic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which paradoxically overlaps with the acute physiological response to exercise. After 1) outlining the role of the ECS in metabolic health, we will 2) discuss the link between endocannabinoid (eCB) action in skeletal muscle and cardiometabolic disease, 3) investigate how exercise modulates the gene expression of ECS components in skeletal muscle and 4) delineate the impact of the ECS on the immune response by skeletal muscle.

中文翻译：

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内源性大麻素系统在调节骨骼肌对运动的反应中的作用。

运动是预防和治疗肥胖和 2 型糖尿病等心脏代谢疾病的重要工具。有趣的是，参与大量生理过程的内源性大麻素 (eCB) 会​​随着肥胖和急性运动而升高。在这篇综述中，我们概述了代谢健康背景下的这一悖论重叠，并通过使用荟萃分析工具描绘了骨骼肌对与内源性大麻素系统相关的急性和慢性有氧运动和阻力运动的转录组反应。我们表明运动调节参与 eCB 合成和分解的受体和酶的表达，并讨论 eCB 可能干扰运动的抗炎作用。内源性大麻素系统 (ECS)，由某些内源性脂质（即内源性大麻素）组成，它们的受体和相关的代谢酶参与了大量认知和生理过程的调节。除了在控制情绪形成和免疫反应等方面的作用外，ECS 还参与调节食欲和能量代谢 [1,2]。在当前的意见审查中，我们将重点关注与肥胖和 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 等心脏代谢疾病相关的 ECS 活动增加，这与运动的急性生理反应自相矛盾。在 1) 概述 ECS 在代谢健康中的作用之后，我们将 2) 讨论内源性大麻素 (eCB) 在骨骼肌和心脏代谢疾病中的作用之间的联系，