The human retina provides vision at light levels ranging from starlight to sunlight. Its supporting tissues regulate plasma-delivered lipophilic essentials for vision, including retinoids. The macula is an anatomic specialization for high-acuity and color vision that is also vulnerable to prevalent blinding diseases. The retina's exquisite architecture comprises numerous cell types that are aligned horizontally, yielding structurally distinct cell, synaptic, and vascular layers that are visible in histology and in diagnostic clinical imaging. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is now capable of uniting low micrometer spatial resolution with high levels of chemical specificity. In this study, a multimodal imaging approach fortified with accurate multi-image registration was used to localize lipids in human retina tissue at laminar, cellular, and subcellular levels. Multimodal imaging results indicate differences in distributions and abundances of lipid species across and within single cell types. Of note are distinct localizations of signals within specific layers of the macula. For example, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol lipids were localized to central RPE cells, whereas specific plasmalogen lipids were localized to cells of the perifoveal RPE and Henle fiber layer. Subcellular compartments of photoreceptors were distinguished by PE(20:0_22:5) in the outer nuclear layer, PE(18:0_22:6) in outer and inner segments, and cardiolipin CL(70:5) in the mitochondria-rich inner segments. Several lipids, differing by a single double bond, have markedly different distributions between the central fovea and the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. A lipid atlas, initiated in this study, can serve as a reference database for future examination of diseased tissues.

中文翻译：

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高分辨率成像质谱显示的人类视网膜和支持组织的脂质景观。

人类视网膜提供从星光到日光的光照水平的视觉。它的支持组织调节血浆输送的亲脂性视力必需品，包括类视色素。黄斑是高敏锐度和色觉的解剖学专业，也容易受到流行的致盲疾病的影响。视网膜精致的结构包括许多水平排列的细胞类型，产生结构不同的细胞、突触和血管层，在组织学和诊断临床成像中可见。MALDI 成像质谱 (IMS) 现在能够将低微米空间分辨率与高水平的化学特异性结合起来。在这项研究中，使用一种通过精确多图像配准强化的多模态成像方法来定位人类视网膜组织中层流、细胞、和亚细胞水平。多模态成像结果表明单个细胞类型之间和内部脂质种类的分布和丰度存在差异。值得注意的是黄斑特定层内信号的不同定位。例如，磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇脂质定位于中央 RPE 细胞，而特定的缩醛磷脂脂质定位于小凹周围 RPE 和 Henle 纤维层的细胞。光感受器的亚细胞区室通过外核层的 PE(20:0_22:5)、外层和内层的 PE(18:0_22:6) 以及富含线粒体的内层的心磷脂 CL(70:5) 来区分. 几种脂质，不同之处在于单个双键，在中央凹与神经节细胞和内核层之间具有明显不同的分布。脂质图谱，