Mitochondria are highly dynamics organelles that provide the necessary energy for cellular functions. However, when they are dysfunctional, they can, by contrast, be very harmful for the cell. Mitophagy ensures their recycling and preserves cell performance. This mechanism is particularly important in neurons because they use a lot of energy. Failed mitophagy can thus affect the development of neurons and lead to brain problems. In this regard, a tight regulation of this process is needed. In recent years microRNAs, as regulators of several biological processes, have attracted attention in the field of mitophagy. In this review, we focused on the studies that highlight the miRNAs implicated in the regulation of mitophagic pathways. In particular, we described the first study carried out 7 years ago, in the context of mitophagy during erythroid differentiation. Next, we have cited all the other works to date on microRNAs and mitophagy regulation. Finally, we have underlined the importance of these discoveries in order to define new therapeutic approaches in the context of age-related diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunctions, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

线粒体是高度动态的细胞器，可为细胞功能提供必要的能量。但是，当它们功能失调时，它们可能对细胞非常有害。线粒体可确保其回收利用并保持细胞性能。这种机制在神经元中特别重要，因为它们消耗大量能量。失败的线吞噬因此可以影响神经元的发育并导致脑部疾病。在这方面，需要对该过程进行严格的规定。近年来，作为几种生物学过程的调节剂的microRNA在线粒体领域引起了关注。在这篇综述中，我们集中于研究突出了调节线粒体途径的miRNA的研究。特别是，我们描述了7年前进行的第一项研究，在红系分化过程中的线粒体环境中。接下来，我们引用了迄今为止所有其他有关microRNA和线粒体调控的工作。最后，我们强调了这些发现的重要性，以便在涉及线粒体功能障碍的年龄相关疾病（如癌症和神经退行性疾病）中定义新的治疗方法。