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Haemosporidian Parasites of Chilean Ducks: The Importance of Biogeography and Nonpasserine Hosts.
Journal of Parasitology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1645/19-130
Jeffrey A Bell 1 , Daniel González-Acuña 2 , Vasyl V Tkach 1
Affiliation  

Biogeography is known to have shaped the diversity and evolutionary history of avian haemosporidian parasites across the Neotropics. However, a paucity of information exists for the temperate Neotropics and especially from nonpasserine hosts. To understand the effect of biogeography in the temperate Neotropics on haemosporidians of nonpasserine hosts we screened ducks (Anseriformes) from central Chile for the presence of these parasites. Forty-two individuals of 4 duck species (Anas flavirostris, Anas georgica, Mareca sibilatrix, Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera) were collected and assessed for haemosporidian parasite infections by real-time polymerase chain reaction screening and subsequent sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Haemoproteus (subgenus Haemoproteus) and Plasmodium were detected in 2 host species, A. georgica and S. c. cyanoptera, with no Leucocytozoon found. Overall haemosporidian prevalence was low (14.2%), with the prevalence of Plasmodium (11.9%) being substantially greater than that of Haemoproteus (4.8%). Six haemosporidian cytochrome b lineages were recovered, 2 Haemoproteus and 4 Plasmodium, with all 6 lineages identified for the first time. In phylogenetic reconstruction, the Chilean Plasmodium lineages were more closely related to South American lineages from passerine birds than to known lineages from anseriforms. The subgenus Haemoproteus known from nonpasseriformes has never been identified from any anseriform host; however, we recovered 2 lineages from this subgenus, one from each A. georgica and S. c. cyanoptera. Further work is needed to determine if this presents true parasitism in ducks or only a spillover infection. The results of phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrate a unique evolutionary history of these Chilean parasites, differing from what is known for this host group. The unique geography of Chile, with a large part of the country being relatively isolated by the Atacama Desert in the north and the Andes in the east and south, would present opportunities for parasite diversification. Further work is needed to investigate how strongly the biogeographical isolation has shaped the haemosporidian parasites of this area. Our results add to the growing body of evidence that nonpasserine hosts support unique lineages of haemosporidian parasites, while also demonstrating the role of biogeography in haemosporidian parasite diversity in the temperate Neotropics.

中文翻译:

智利鸭的血友病寄生虫:生物地理学和非雀形目寄主的重要性。

众所周知,生物地理学已经影响了整个新热带地区禽血孢子虫的多样性和进化史。但是,对于温带的新热带地区,尤其是来自非雀形目宿主,信息匮乏。为了了解温带新热带地区生物地理学对非雀形目寄主的血孢子虫的影响,我们从智利中部筛选了这些寄生虫的鸭子(Anseriformes)。收集了42种4种鸭类的个体(黄,、 Anas georgica,Mareca sibilatrix,Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera),并通过实时聚合酶链反应筛选和线粒体细胞色素b基因的后续测序评估了血吸虫性寄生虫感染。在2个寄主物种georgica和S. c。中检测到了变形血球菌(Haemoproteus属)和疟原虫。蓝翅目,没有发现白细胞抗原。总体上,血孢子虫的患病率较低(14.2%),疟原虫(11.9%)的患病率明显高于血球变形杆菌(4.8%)。回收了6个血孢子虫细胞色素b谱系,2个血变形蛋白和4个疟原虫,首次鉴定了所有6个谱系。在系统发育重建中,智利疟原虫的谱系与南美人从雀形目鸟类的谱系关系更紧密,而不是与已知的无鞍形动物谱系。从未从任何无肛门畸形宿主中鉴定出非肠杆菌属的血红蛋白亚属。但是,我们从该亚属中获得了2个谱系,每个来自A. georgica和S. c.。蓝翅目。需要做进一步的工作来确定这是否在鸭子中表现出真正的寄生虫或仅是溢出感染。系统发育重建的结果证明了这些智利寄生虫的独特进化史,与该宿主群的已知史不同。智利独特的地理环境,该国的大部分地区被北部的阿塔卡马沙漠和东部和南部的安第斯山脉相对孤立,这将为寄生虫多样化提供机会。需要做进一步的工作来调查生物地理隔离对这个地区的血孢子虫寄生虫有多大的影响。我们的研究结果增加了越来越多的证据,即非雀花碱宿主支持血吸虫病寄生虫的独特谱系,同时也证明了生物地理学在温带新热带地区血吸虫病寄生虫多样性中的作用。与该主机组的已知信息不同。智利独特的地理环境,该国的大部分地区被北部的阿塔卡马沙漠和东部和南部的安第斯山脉相对孤立,这将为寄生虫多样化提供机会。需要做进一步的工作来研究生物地理隔离对这一地区的血孢子虫寄生虫形成的影响。我们的研究结果增加了越来越多的证据,即非雀花碱宿主支持血吸虫病寄生虫的独特谱系,同时也证明了生物地理学在温带新热带地区血吸虫病寄生虫多样性中的作用。与该主机组的已知信息不同。智利独特的地理环境,该国的大部分地区被北部的阿塔卡马沙漠和东部和南部的安第斯山脉相对孤立,这将为寄生虫多样化提供机会。需要做进一步的工作来调查生物地理隔离对这个地区的血孢子虫寄生虫有多大的影响。我们的研究结果增加了越来越多的证据,即非雀花碱宿主支持血吸虫病寄生虫的独特谱系,同时也证明了生物地理学在温带新热带地区血吸虫病寄生虫多样性中的作用。将提供寄生虫多样化的机会。需要做进一步的工作来研究生物地理隔离对这个地区的血孢子虫的影响程度。我们的研究结果增加了越来越多的证据,即非雀花碱宿主支持血吸虫病寄生虫的独特谱系,同时也证明了生物地理学在温带新热带地区血吸虫病寄生虫多样性中的作用。将提供寄生虫多样化的机会。需要做进一步的工作来调查生物地理隔离对这个地区的血孢子虫寄生虫有多大的影响。我们的研究结果增加了越来越多的证据,即非雀花碱宿主支持血吸虫病寄生虫的独特谱系,同时也证明了生物地理学在温带新热带地区血吸虫病寄生虫多样性中的作用。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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