Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is a retinal disease caused by diabetes mellitus, which is categorized by microvascular lesions present in the retina such as vascular leakage, vascular proliferation, and retinal ischemia. The plan of the present study was to the synthesis of Cyperus rotundus‐loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles (CR‐ZnONPs) which was confirmed by the various characterization methods such as UV‐vis spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction. Also, the effect of CR‐ZnONPs on DRP‐induced rats was determined by food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, insulin, retina thickness, inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Furthermore, the status of oxidative stress marker genes (heme oxygenase‐1 [HO‐1] and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 [Nrf2]) and inflammatory marker (procaspase‐1, cleaved‐caspase‐1, interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], IL‐18, and ASC) expressions were examined by using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis techniques. We noted that the synthesized CR‐ZnONPs have a crystalline structure, spherical shape, and present various functional groups. The administration of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced DRP rats were increased in the levels of HbA1c, FBG, food intake, LPO, and reduced levels of insulin, SOD, GPx, and CAT. In addition, the gene and protein expression showed the downregulation of HO‐1 and Nrf2 and upregulation of procaspase‐1, IL‐1β, cleaved‐caspase‐1, IL‐18, and ASC in diabetic rats. Moreover, further histopathological analysis of retinal tissues again confirmed the results of biochemical parameters. In contrast, the DRP rats treated with CR‐ZnONPs significantly brought down all the parameters to normal, which indicated that the CR‐ZnONPs have better antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory properties.

中文翻译：

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香附子的氧化锌纳米颗粒通过抑制STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠中的NLRP3炎性体活化来减轻糖尿病性视网膜病变。

糖尿病性视网膜病（DRP）是由糖尿病引起的视网膜疾病，其归因于视网膜中存在的微血管病变，例如血管渗漏，血管增生和视网膜缺血。本研究的计划是合成香附子负载的氧化锌纳米颗粒（CR-ZnONPs）已通过各种表征方法得到了证实，例如紫外可见光谱，能量色散X射线分析，傅立叶变换红外光谱仪，扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射。此外，CR-ZnONPs对DRP诱导的大鼠的作用还取决于食物摄入量，空腹血糖（FBG），HbA1c，胰岛素，视网膜厚度，内核层（INL），外核层（ONL）厚度，脂质过氧化（LPO），过氧化氢酶（CAT），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。此外，氧化应激标记基因（血红素加氧酶-1 [HO-1]和核因子红系2相关因子-2 [Nrf2]）和炎性标记（procaspase-1，裂解caspase-1，白介素-1β）的状态[IL-1β]，IL-18，和ASC）的表达通过实时聚合酶链反应和Western blot分析技术进行检查。我们注意到，合成的CR-ZnONP具有晶体结构，球形形状，并具有各种官能团。链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的DRP大鼠的给药增加了HbA1c，FBG，食物摄入，LPO的水平，并降低了胰岛素，SOD，GPx和CAT的水平。此外，基因和蛋白质表达显示糖尿病大鼠中HO-1和Nrf2的下调以及procaspase-1，IL-1β，裂解的caspase-1，IL-18和ASC的上调。此外，对视网膜组织的进一步组织病理学分析再次证实了生化参数的结果。相比之下，CR-ZnONPs处理的DRP大鼠将所有参数均降低至正常水平，