The main focus of the current study is the fabrication of a multifunctional nanohybrid based on graphene oxide (GO)/iron oxide/gold nanoparticles (NPs) as the combinatorial cancer treatment agent. Gold and iron oxide NPs formed on the GONPs via the in situ synthesis approach. The characterisations showed that gold and iron oxide NPs formed onto the GO. Cell toxicity assessment revealed that the fabricated nanohybrid exhibited negligible toxicity against MCF-7 cells in low doses (<50 ppm). Temperature measurement showed a time and dose-dependent heat elevation under the interaction of the nanohybrid with the radio frequency (RF) wave. The highest temperature was recorded using 200 ppm concentration nanohybrid during 40 min exposure. The combinatorial treatments demonstrated that the maximum cell death (average of 53%) was induced with the combination of the nanohybrid with RF waves and radiotherapy (RT). The mechanistic study using the flow cytometry technique illustrated that early apoptosis was the main underlying cell death. Moreover, the dose enhancement factor of 1.63 and 2.63 were obtained from RT and RF, respectively. To sum up, the authors' findings indicated that the prepared nanohybrid could be considered as multifunctional and combinatorial cancer therapy agents.

中文翻译：

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氧化铁/金纳米粒子修饰的还原氧化石墨烯纳米混合物作为热放射治疗剂。

目前研究的主要重点是制造基于氧化石墨烯（GO）/氧化铁/金纳米粒子（NPs）作为组合癌症治疗剂的多功能纳米混合物。通过原位合成方法在 GONP 上形成金和氧化铁 NP。表征表明金和氧化铁 NPs 形成在 GO 上。细胞毒性评估表明，制造的纳米杂化物在低剂量（<50 ppm）下对 MCF-7 细胞的毒性可忽略不计。温度测量显示在纳米混合物与射频 (RF) 波相互作用下的时间和剂量依赖性热升高。在 40 分钟暴露期间使用 200 ppm 浓度的纳米混合物记录最高温度。组合治疗表明，最大的细胞死亡（平均为 53%）是由纳米混合物与射频波和放射疗法 (RT) 的组合诱导的。使用流式细胞术技术的机理研究表明，早期细胞凋亡是主要的潜在细胞死亡。此外，分别从 RT 和 RF 获得 1.63 和 2.63 的剂量增强因子。综上所述，作者的研究结果表明，制备的纳米杂化物可以被认为是多功能和组合的癌症治疗剂。