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Reward-driven distraction: A meta-analysis.
Psychological Bulletin ( IF 22.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1037/bul0000296
Dorottya Rusz 1 , Mike E Le Pelley 2 , Michiel A J Kompier 1 , Leon Mait 1 , Erik Bijleveld 1
Affiliation  

People have a strong tendency to attend to reward cues, even if these cues are irrelevant to their current goal or their current task. When reward cues are goal-irrelevant, their presence may impair cognitive performance. In this meta-analysis, we quantitatively examined the rapidly growing literature on the impact of reward-related distractors on cognitive performance. We included 91 studies (N = 2,362) that used different cognitive paradigms (e.g., visual search, conflict processing) and reward-related stimuli (e.g., money, attractive food). Overall, results showed that reward-related distractors impaired cognitive performance across different tasks and stimuli, with a small effect size (standardized mean change = .347). Between-study heterogeneity was large, suggesting that researchers can plausibly expect to sometimes find reversed effects (i.e., reward-related distractors boosting performance). We further showed that the average reward-driven distraction effect was robust across different reward-learning mechanisms, contexts, and methodological choices, and that this effect existed regardless of explicit task instructions to ignore distractors. In sum, the findings of this meta-analysis support the notion that cognitive processes can be thwarted by reward cues. We discuss these findings against the background of distraction-related phenomena as they are studied in clinical, educational, and work psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

奖励驱动的分心:荟萃分析。

即使这些提示与他们当前的目标或当前任务无关,人们也倾向于参加奖励提示。当奖励线索与目标无关时,它们的出现可能会损害认知能力。在这项荟萃分析中,我们定量研究了迅速增长的有关奖励相关干扰因素对认知表现影响的文献。我们纳入了91项研究(N = 2,362),这些研究使用了不同的认知范式(例如,视觉搜索,冲突处理)和与奖励相关的刺激(例如,金钱,诱人的食物)。总体而言,结果表明,与奖励相关的干扰因素会削弱不同任务和刺激下的认知能力,且影响大小较小(标准化均值= .347)。研究之间的异质性很大,这表明研究人员可以合理地期望有时会发现相反的影响(i。例如,奖励相关的干扰因素可提高绩效)。我们进一步证明,在不同的奖励学习机制,情境和方法选择之间,平均的奖励驱动的分心效果是很稳健的,并且不管忽略分心因素的明确任务指示如何,这种效果都存在。总而言之,这项荟萃分析的结果支持以下观念:奖励线索可以阻碍认知过程。我们在临床,教育和工作心理学中研究与分心有关的现象的背景下讨论这些发现。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。并且不管是否有明确的任务指令来忽略干扰因素,这种效果都存在。总而言之,这项荟萃分析的结果支持以下观念:奖励线索可以阻碍认知过程。我们在临床,教育和工作心理学中研究与分心有关的现象的背景下讨论这些发现。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。并且不管是否有明确的任务指令来忽略干扰因素,这种效果都存在。总而言之,这项荟萃分析的结果支持以下观念:奖励线索可以阻碍认知过程。我们在临床,教育和工作心理学中研究与分心有关的现象的背景下讨论这些发现。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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