The transaction of children's core language skill and their home learning environment was assessed across 5 waves from infancy (15 months) up to adolescence (11 years) in 1,751 low-socioeconomic status families. Child core language skill and the quality of the home learning environment were each stable across waves, and the two covaried at each wave. Over and above these stabilities and concurrent correlations, and net child social competence and maternal education, higher quality stimulation and support in the home learning environment at each wave advanced children's core language skill at each subsequent wave, and reciprocally children with more advanced core language skill at each wave stimulated a higher quality home learning environment at each subsequent wave. These transactions were robust across child gender, ethnicity, birth order, and developmental risk. This bidirectionality shows that children consistently affect their environments from infancy to adolescence and underscores that the home learning environment is a worthy intervention target for improving core language skill in children regardless of age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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跨越发展的技能体验交易：儿童核心语言与儿童家庭学习环境之间的双向关系。

在 1,751 个低社会经济地位家庭中，评估了从婴儿期（15 个月）到青春期（11 岁）的 5 个波次中儿童的核心语言技能及其家庭学习环境的变化。儿童核心语言技能和家庭学习环境的质量在各个波次中均保持稳定，且两者在每一波次中协变。除了这些稳定性和并发相关性之外，每一波家庭学习环境中的净儿童社交能力和母性教育、更高质量的刺激和支持都会提高儿童的核心语言技能，并反过来使儿童拥有更高级的核心语言技能在每一波中，在随后的每一波中都刺激了更高质量的家庭学习环境。这些交易在儿童性别、种族、出生顺序和发育风险。这种双向性表明，儿童从婴儿期到青春期一直在影响他们的环境，并强调家庭学习环境是提高儿童核心语言技能的一个有价值的干预目标，无论年龄大小。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。