Mitochondria, so much more than just being energy factories, also have the capacity to synthesize macromolecules including phospholipids, particularly cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Phospholipids are vital constituents of mitochondrial membranes, impacting the plethora of functions performed by this organelle. Hence, the orchestrated movement of phospholipids to and from the mitochondrion is essential for cellular integrity. In this review, we capture recent advances in the field of mitochondrial phospholipid biosynthesis and trafficking, highlighting the significance of interorganellar communication, intramitochondrial contact sites, and lipid transfer proteins in maintaining membrane homeostasis. We then discuss the physiological functions of CL and PE, specifically how they associate with protein complexes in mitochondrial membranes to support bioenergetics and maintain mitochondrial architecture.

中文翻译：

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磷脂的潮起潮落使线粒体运转

线粒体不仅仅是能源工厂，还具有合成大分子的能力，包括磷脂，特别是心磷脂 (CL) 和磷脂酰乙醇胺 (PE)。磷脂是线粒体膜的重要组成部分，影响着该细胞器执行的多种功能。因此，磷脂进出线粒体的精心安排的运动对于细胞完整性至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们捕捉了线粒体磷脂生物合成和运输领域的最新进展，强调了细胞间通讯、线粒体内接触位点和脂质转移蛋白在维持膜稳态中的重要性。然后我们讨论 CL 和 PE 的生理功能，特别是它们如何与线粒体膜中的蛋白质复合物结合以支持生物能和维持线粒体结构。