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Fiocruz Biological Collections: strengthening Brazil's biodiversity knowledge and scientific applications opportunities.
Biodiversity Data Journal ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 , DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e53607
Manuela da Silva 1 , Marcia Chame 2 , Ricardo Moratelli 3
Affiliation  

Biological collections are central in understanding and preserving life on Earth. In Brazil, the most representative collections are kept by natural history museums, whose primary focus is in invertebrates, vertebrates and vascular plants. Only a few institutions keep repositories in different kingdoms. The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), established in 1900, is a strategic public health institution of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. As such, Fiocruz is responsible for a wide range of activities, from basic research to the development and production of vaccines, drugs, reagents and diagnostic kits. Its biological collections were soon established in the expeditions made by naturalists and physicians seeking integrated knowledge of the fauna, flora and tropical diseases. Since then, they have been part of the institutional policy. In a few decades, those collections were already in the forefront of basic and applied research on tropical parasitic and infectious diseases. Currently, they comprise thirty-three repositories representing part of the Brazilian diversity of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, molluscs and plants of medical and environmental importance. Different methods of long-term preservation are applied for the conservation of this wide range of organisms represented by about 6 million specimens. Herein, we describe this range of collections and discuss their complementary role as repositories of groups not represented in other biological collections in Brazil. These valuable biological materials have been used in public health and medical research, as well as for technological development and innovation in Brazil. Parallel to this specific usage, Fiocruz biological collections have played and continue to play a unique and important role in understanding and conserving part of Brazil's biodiversity that is currently under-represented in other biological and natural history collections in Brazil and South America.

中文翻译:

Fiocruz生物馆藏:加强巴西的生物多样性知识和科学应用机会。

生物收藏对于理解和保护地球生命至关重要。在巴西,最具代表性的藏品由自然历史博物馆保存,其主要重点是无脊椎动物,脊椎动物和维管植物。只有少数机构将存储库保存在不同的王国中。奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹基金会(Fiocruz)成立于1900年,是巴西卫生部的战略性公共卫生机构。因此,Fiocruz负责各种活动,从基础研究到疫苗,药物,试剂和诊断试剂盒的开发与生产。它的生物学收藏很快在自然学家和医师进行的远征中建立起来,他们寻求动物,植物和热带疾病的综合知识。从那时起,它们就成为体制政策的一部分。在过去的几十年中,这些藏品已经走在热带寄生虫和传染病基础研究和应用研究的最前沿。目前,它们包括33个储存库,这些储存库代表了巴西细菌,真菌,原生动物,蠕虫,节肢动物,软体动物和具有医学和环境重要性的植物多样性的一部分。对于大约600万个标本代表的这种广泛的生物,采用了不同的长期保存方法。在此,我们描述了这一范围的收藏,并讨论了它们作为巴西其他生物收藏中未代表的群体的资料库的补充作用。这些宝贵的生物材料已用于公共卫生和医学研究,以及巴西的技术开发和创新。
更新日期:2020-06-24
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